Question

Which among the following state functions is a extensive property of the system? (1) Tempcrature (2) Volumc (3) Refractive indcx (4) Viscosity

Short answer

Volume is an extensive property.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Difference

Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties. Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of substance present, such as temperature, refractive index, and viscosity. Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance, like volume and mass.

Analyze Each Option

Evaluate each property given: 1. Temperature: An intensive property as it doesn't change with the size of the system. 2. Volume: An extensive property as it is proportional to the quantity of matter in the system. 3. Refractive index: An intensive property as it doesn't vary with system size. 4. Viscosity: An intensive property, also unaffected by the quantity of matter.

Identify the Extensive Property

From the analysis, volume is the only property that changes with the quantity of matter. Therefore, volume is an extensive property.

Key concepts

intensive and extensive properties

In thermodynamics, properties of a system can be categorized as either intensive or extensive. Intensive properties remain constant regardless of the quantity of matter present. Examples of intensive properties include:

• Temperature
• Refractive index
• Density
• Viscosity

On the other hand, extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in the system. When the quantity of matter changes, so do these properties. Examples of extensive properties include:

• Volume
• Mass
• Total energy
• Total charge

Understanding this distinction is crucial for correctly interpreting the characteristics and behavior of different systems in thermodynamics.

thermodynamic properties

Thermodynamic properties are characteristics of a system that can be used to describe its current state. These properties help us understand and predict how a system will respond to changes in variables like temperature, pressure, and volume. There are two main types of thermodynamic properties:

• State Functions: These depend only on the current state of the system, not on the path taken to reach that state. Examples include internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy.
• Process Functions: These depend on the specific path taken during a change from one state to another. Examples include work and heat.

By combining our knowledge of intensive and extensive properties with thermodynamic properties, we get a comprehensive toolkit to analyze physical systems and their transformations.

physical properties of matter

Physical properties of matter are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. These properties are essential both in physics and chemistry to identify and differentiate between substances. Physical properties can be further classified into:

• Intensive Properties: These do not depend on the quantity of matter. Examples include color, melting point, and refractive index.
• Extensive Properties: These depend on the amount of matter present. Examples include volume, mass, and the total amount of energy.

When studying physical properties, it is helpful to consider both the bulk properties (like density and hardness) and the detailed atomic or molecular properties (like atomic number or molecular weight). Understanding these facets allows for a comprehensive analysis of matter and its various applications across science and engineering.