Question

A well stoppered thermosflask contain some ice cubes. This is an example of (1) Closed system (2) Open system (3) Isolated system (4) Non-thermodynamic system

Short answer

Isolated system

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Type of System

First, understand the different types of systems in thermodynamics. A Closed system allows the transfer of energy (heat) but not mass. An Open system allows the transfer of both energy and mass. An Isolated system does not allow the transfer of either energy or mass. A Non-thermodynamic system is not governed by thermodynamic laws.

Analyze the Thermosflask

A thermosflask is designed to prevent heat transfer to and from its surroundings. Additionally, because it is sealed (well stoppered), it also prevents the transfer of matter in and out.

Determine the Appropriate System Type

Based on the analysis, a well stoppered thermosflask containing ice cubes neither allows heat nor mass to enter or leave. This fits the definition of an isolated system.

Key concepts

Closed System

A closed system in thermodynamics refers to a system where energy can be transferred in and out, but mass remains constant. This means that while heat or work can cross the boundary of the system, no actual matter can enter or leave.

• Think of it like a soup in a tightly sealed pot on a stove. The heat can enter or leave the pot, but the soup itself stays inside.
• An engine cylinder with a piston is also a good example. Fuel can burn and release energy, but the gases stay inside the cylinder.

This concept is crucial in many engineering applications, where controlling energy transfer without losing mass is essential.

Open System

In contrast, an open system allows both energy and mass to cross its boundaries. This means both heat or work and actual matter can enter or leave the system.

• Picture a boiling pot of water without a lid. Steam (mass) escapes into the air, and heat energy is constantly added from the stove.
• Another everyday example is a human body, which takes in food and oxygen (mass) and releases waste, while also exchanging heat with its surroundings.

Open systems are everywhere in nature and technology, from the earth's atmosphere to cooling systems in electronics.

Isolated System

An isolated system does not allow the transfer of either energy or mass. It is completely cut off from its surroundings.

• The thermosflask with a good stopper and some ice cubes is a perfect example. It prevents any heat (energy) or matter from entering or leaving.
• Another example could be the universe itself, considered by some theories as an isolated system since it has nothing outside to exchange energy or matter with.

Isolated systems are mostly theoretical or very well-insulated systems used for precise scientific studies.

Non-thermodynamic System

A non-thermodynamic system is not governed by the laws of thermodynamics. This could be a system where thermodynamic principles do not apply or are not relevant.

• For instance, the internet is a system of data transfer and storage, but thermodynamics isn't a primary concern.
• Another example could be a purely mechanical system like a grandfather clock, where the focus is on the movement of gears and not on heat, work, or mass transfer.

Understanding what isn't governed by thermodynamics helps clarify what types of analysis and principles are applicable to specific systems.