Chapter 4: Problem 34
The nature of bonding in
Short Answer
Expert verified
(2) Covalent in and electrovalent in .
Step by step solution
01
Understand the Types of Bonding
There are two main types of bonding: electrovalent (also called ionic) and covalent. Electrovalent bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, usually between a metal and a non-metal, resulting in the formation of ions. Covalent bonding, on the other hand, occurs when two atoms share electrons, typically between non-metals.
02
Analyze Bonding in
03
Analyze Bonding in
04
Determine the Correct Answer
Given that has covalent bonds and has electrovalent bonds, the correct answer is: (2) covalent in and electrovalent in .
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is one of the fundamental types of chemical bonding. It occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This type of bonding usually takes place between non-metal atoms. The shared electrons help each atom achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of noble gases. The shared electrons are counted as part of each atom's valence shell, completing the shell and making the atom more stable.
Here are some key characteristics:
Here are some key characteristics:
- Occurs between non-metals
- Involves sharing of electron pairs
- Creates molecules with stable structures
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding, also known as electrovalent bonding, happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. This process typically occurs between metals and non-metals. Metals tend to lose electrons, forming positively charged ions, while non-metals gain electrons, forming negatively charged ions. The opposite charges attract each other, creating a strong electrostatic force that holds the ions together.
Key points about ionic bonding include:
Key points about ionic bonding include:
- Occurs between a metal and a non-metal
- Involves transfer of electrons
- Formation of positive and negative ions
- Results in the formation of ionic compounds, such as salts
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, , is a classic example of a covalent compound. It consists of one carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms. Since both carbon and chlorine are non-metals, the bonding in is covalent. In this molecule, carbon shares one of its electrons with each of the four chlorines. This sharing of electrons allows all atoms to achieve a full valence shell, leading to a stable molecule.
Important aspects about :
Important aspects about
- It is a non-polar molecule
- Has a tetrahedral structure
- Does not conduct electricity
Calcium Hydride
Calcium hydride, , is an example of a compound formed by ionic bonding. It consists of calcium, a metal, and hydrogen, a non-metal. In forming , the calcium atom loses two electrons to become a ion, while each hydrogen atom gains one electron to become ions. The opposite charges attract each other, resulting in a strong ionic bond.
Key points about :
is important in various industrial applications, particularly for its role in producing hydrogen gas and as a drying agent for certain chemical reactions.
Key points about
- Ionic compound
- Consists of
and ions - Used as a reducing agent in chemical reactions
- Reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas