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The nature of bonding in CCl4 and CaH2 is (1) electrovalent in both CCl4 and CaH2 (2) covalent in CCl4 and electrovalent in CaH2 (3) electrovalent in CCl4 and covalent in CaH2 (4) covalent in both CCl4 and CaH2

Short Answer

Expert verified
(2) Covalent in CCl4 and electrovalent in CaH2.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Types of Bonding

There are two main types of bonding: electrovalent (also called ionic) and covalent. Electrovalent bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, usually between a metal and a non-metal, resulting in the formation of ions. Covalent bonding, on the other hand, occurs when two atoms share electrons, typically between non-metals.
02

Analyze Bonding in CCl4

CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) is composed of carbon (a non-metal) and chlorine (also a non-metal). The carbon atom shares electrons with four chlorine atoms, forming covalent bonds. Therefore, the nature of bonding in CCl4 is covalent.
03

Analyze Bonding in CaH2

CaH2 (calcium hydride) consists of calcium (a metal) and hydrogen (a non-metal). Calcium loses two electrons to form Ca2+ ions, and each hydrogen gains one electron to form H ions. This transfer of electrons results in electrovalent (ionic) bonding in CaH2.
04

Determine the Correct Answer

Given that CCl4 has covalent bonds and CaH2 has electrovalent bonds, the correct answer is: (2) covalent in CCl4 and electrovalent in CaH2.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is one of the fundamental types of chemical bonding. It occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons. This type of bonding usually takes place between non-metal atoms. The shared electrons help each atom achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of noble gases. The shared electrons are counted as part of each atom's valence shell, completing the shell and making the atom more stable.

Here are some key characteristics:
  • Occurs between non-metals
  • Involves sharing of electron pairs
  • Creates molecules with stable structures
Understanding covalent bonds is crucial because they form the basis of many substances important to life, such as water, oxygen, and various organic compounds.
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding, also known as electrovalent bonding, happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. This process typically occurs between metals and non-metals. Metals tend to lose electrons, forming positively charged ions, while non-metals gain electrons, forming negatively charged ions. The opposite charges attract each other, creating a strong electrostatic force that holds the ions together.

Key points about ionic bonding include:
  • Occurs between a metal and a non-metal
  • Involves transfer of electrons
  • Formation of positive and negative ions
  • Results in the formation of ionic compounds, such as salts
Ionic bonding is responsible for the high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds, and their ability to conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water.
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is a classic example of a covalent compound. It consists of one carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms. Since both carbon and chlorine are non-metals, the bonding in CCl4 is covalent. In this molecule, carbon shares one of its electrons with each of the four chlorines. This sharing of electrons allows all atoms to achieve a full valence shell, leading to a stable molecule.

Important aspects about CCl4:
  • It is a non-polar molecule
  • Has a tetrahedral structure
  • Does not conduct electricity
Carbon tetrachloride was once widely used in fire extinguishers and as a cleaning agent, but its use has declined due to its toxicity and harmful environmental effects.
Calcium Hydride
Calcium hydride, CaH2, is an example of a compound formed by ionic bonding. It consists of calcium, a metal, and hydrogen, a non-metal. In forming CaH2, the calcium atom loses two electrons to become a Ca2+ ion, while each hydrogen atom gains one electron to become H ions. The opposite charges attract each other, resulting in a strong ionic bond.

Key points about CaH2:
  • Ionic compound
  • Consists of Ca2+ and H ions
  • Used as a reducing agent in chemical reactions
  • Reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas
Understanding CaH2 is important in various industrial applications, particularly for its role in producing hydrogen gas and as a drying agent for certain chemical reactions.

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