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Among the following elements the configuration having highest ionisation energy is (1) |Ne|3 s23p (2) |Ne|3 s23p3 (3) |Ne|3 s23p2 (4) |Ar|3 d104 s24p3

Short Answer

Expert verified
Configuration 2 (|Ne|3 s23p3) has the highest ionisation energy.

Step by step solution

01

Review Definitions

Understand that ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous phase.
02

Examine Electron Configurations

Look at the given electron configurations:1. |Ne|3 s23p2. |Ne|3 s23p33. |Ne|3 s23p24. |Ar|3 d104 s24p3
03

Identify Stable Configurations

Elements with half-filled or fully-filled subshells have higher ionisation energies due to their extra stability. Compare the given configurations:2. |Ne|3 s23p3 is half-filled and thus stable.4. |Ar|3 d104 s24p3 is half-filled and thus stable.
04

Compare Other Configurations

Among the remaining configurations:1. |Ne|3 s23p3. |Ne|3 s23p2, both have less stability compared to 2 and 4.
05

Determine Atomic Number

Elements with a higher atomic number typically have lower ionisation energy due to increased distance from the nucleus. Compare the elements:- 2 (|Ne|3 s23p3) corresponds to Phosphorus.- 4 (|Ar|3 d104 s24p3) corresponds to Arsenic.Since Phosphorus has a lower atomic number than Arsenic, it will have a higher ionisation energy.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Electron Configuration
The term 'electron configuration' refers to the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It's like a map showing where each electron 'lives.' Each electron configuration is built around the atomic number, which equals the number of protons and also the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Electrons are arranged in specific orbitals (s, p, d, f) and fill up these orbitals in a sequence determined by the Aufbau principle. For example, the configuration |Ne| 3s^{2} 3p^{3} means that the element has a total electron count matching Neon (10 electrons) plus 5 more electrons in the 3rd shell. This structure indicates how electrons populate different shells and subshells around the nucleus. Understanding electron configuration is essential because the arrangement of electrons determines an element's chemical behavior. Note that more stable configurations, like those that are half-filled (e.g., p^3) or fully filled, often result in higher ionisation energy.
Atomic Stability
Atomic stability depends greatly on how electrons are arranged in an atom's orbitals. Atoms strive to achieve a stable electronic configuration, usually symbolized by a filled or half-filled shell. This stability is reflected in their chemical properties and their resistance to change. For example:
  • Fully-filled subshells (e.g., p^6, d^10) provide maximum stability.
  • Half-filled subshells (like p^3 or d^5) also confer a significant degree of stability due to symmetrical electron distribution and minimized electron repulsion.
So when comparing different electron configurations, ones that are either fully or half-filled will result in greater atomic stability. This stability then correlates with the ionisation energy because the more stable the atom is, the harder it is to remove an electron from it. In essence, a stable electron configuration means a higher ionisation energy.
Periodic Trends
Periodic trends in the periodic table, such as ionisation energy, are not random; they follow predictable patterns. Ionisation energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period. This is because the effective nuclear charge (the pull electrons feel from the nucleus) increases, making it harder to remove an electron. On the other hand, ionisation energy decreases as you move down a group due to an increase in the atomic radius. Electrons are farther from the nucleus and shielded by inner-shell electrons, making them easier to remove. It's important to understand this for questions involving elements like Phosphorus |Ne| 3s^2 3p^3 and Arsenic |Ar| 3d^{10} 4s^{2} 4p^{3}. Although both have stable, half-filled p^3 subshells, Phosphorus is higher on the periodic table, meaning it has a smaller atomic radius and higher ionisation energy than Arsenic.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following statement is wrong? (1) In the sixth period the orbitals being filled arc 6 s, 4f,5 d, and 6p. (2) All the elements in a group in the periodic table have the same number of electrons in the outer most shell of their atoms. (3) Periodicity in the properties of elements when elements are arranged in increasing order of their atomic weights is that elements with similar nature repeat after certain fixed interval. (4) The last member in each period of the periodic table is an inert gas.

Which of the following statement is false? (1) An clement having clectronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 forms basic oxide. (2) Chloride of an clement Λ gave a neutral solution in water. In the periodic table the clement Λ belongs to III group.

In the periodic table the metallic character with increase in atomic number (1) decreases in a period and increases in a group (2) increases in a period and decreases in a group (3) increases both in a period and in the group (4) decreases both in a period and in the group

The elements in the same period in the periodic table show increase in (1) Metallic nature with increase in atomic number (2) Electronegativity with increase in metallic character (3) Electroncgativity with increase in atomic number (4) Electropositivity with increase in atomic number

Which of the following statement is wrong? (1) Transition elements lie between III and IV groups in the periodic table. (2) Transition elements are those which contain incomplete d-orbital. (3) The 14 elements placed in the 3rd group and 6 th period of the periodic table are known as rare earths. (4) The clement californium belongs to actinide series.

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