Question

Pollution can be controlled by (a) sewage treatment (b) manufacturing electrically operated vehicles (c) adopting green chemistry (d) all of the above

Short answer

d) all of the above

Step-by-step solution

Analyze Each Option

To determine which methods can control pollution, look at each option individually and consider its impact on pollution control.

Evaluate Sewage Treatment

Sewage treatment helps reduce water pollution by cleaning wastewater before it is released into natural bodies of water. Therefore, (a) sewage treatment controls pollution.

Consider Electrically Operated Vehicles

Electrically operated vehicles produce less pollution compared to gasoline-powered vehicles because they emit fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases. Hence, (b) manufacturing electrically operated vehicles controls pollution.

Assess Green Chemistry

Green chemistry aims to design chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Thus, (c) adopting green chemistry controls pollution.

Determine Combined Effect

Since each method individually controls pollution, the combined effect of all three methods would be beneficial for pollution control. Therefore, (d) all of the above is the correct answer.

Key concepts

headline of the respective core concept

Sewage treatment is a process that helps in reducing water pollution. It involves cleaning wastewater from homes, industries, and other sources before it is released into rivers, lakes, or oceans. This treatment removes harmful substances like chemicals, bacteria, and other pollutants. There are several stages in sewage treatment:

• Primary Treatment: This involves separating large particles and solids from the wastewater. It usually includes filtering and sedimentation techniques.
• Secondary Treatment: This is a biological process where bacteria and microorganisms break down organic matter. This step significantly reduces the level of pollutants in the water.
• Tertiary Treatment: This advanced treatment further purifies the water by removing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus.

By treating sewage, we ensure that the water released is safer for the environment and human health.

headline of the respective core concept

Electrically operated vehicles (EVs) are cars, buses, and other modes of transportation powered by electricity. They help in reducing air pollution in several ways. Unlike gasoline-powered vehicles, EVs produce no tailpipe emissions, which means they don't release harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the air. Such pollutants are known to cause respiratory issues and other health problems.

• Zero Emissions: Since EVs run on electricity, they don’t produce greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions.
• Renewable Energy: When charged with electricity from renewable sources like wind or solar, EVs become even more environmentally friendly.
• Increased Efficiency: EVs are generally more energy-efficient than traditional vehicles. They convert a higher percentage of energy from the battery to power the vehicle's wheels.

By transitioning to electrically operated vehicles, we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and improve air quality.

headline of the respective core concept

Green chemistry focuses on designing products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. This approach is essential for sustainable development and environmental protection. It encompasses several principles aimed at reducing the impact of chemical manufacturing on the environment.

• Prevention: Green chemistry aims to prevent pollution at the source rather than treating it after it has been created.
• Atom Economy: This principle focuses on maximizing the use of all materials in the process to ensure minimal waste.
• Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses: Green chemistry seeks to use and generate substances with little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
• Energy Efficiency: Green chemists strive to use less energy in chemical processes by conducting reactions at ambient temperatures and pressures wherever possible.
• Renewable Feedstocks: Green chemistry encourages using raw materials from renewable sources.

By adopting green chemistry practices, industries can make their processes more sustainable, reduce pollution, and protect human health and the environment.