Question

Proper management of disposal of houschold and industrial wastes can be done by (a) Recycling the waste matcrial to give uscful products again (b) Burning and incincration of combustible waste (c) Scwage treatment (d) All the above

Short answer

The proper management of waste involves recycling, incineration, and sewage treatment.

Step-by-step solution

- Understanding the question

Identify the main objective of the question, which asks for the proper management strategies for the disposal of household and industrial wastes.

- Analyzing option (a)

Recycling the waste material involves converting waste into reusable material. This method helps in reducing waste by creating useful products from it.

- Analyzing option (b)

Burning and incineration involve combusting waste materials. This process can significantly reduce the volume of waste, although it does produce emissions.

- Analyzing option (c)

Sewage treatment refers to the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.

- Evaluating all options

All the listed methods: recycling, incineration, and sewage treatment, are viable waste management techniques. They collectively contribute towards proper waste disposal.

Key concepts

Recycling

Recycling is a crucial waste management strategy. It involves converting various types of waste materials into new, useful products. This process not only helps in reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills but also conserves natural resources by reusing materials. Recycling can be performed on a variety of products such as paper, glass, metals, and plastics. Sorting waste effectively at the source enhances the efficiency of the recycling process.

Some benefits of recycling include:

• Reduction in energy usage, as manufacturing products from recycled materials often requires less energy than producing them from new materials.
• Minimization of landfill space, which can be better used for other purposes.
• Lowered greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a reduction in overall environmental impact.

By participating in recycling programs, individuals and businesses can play a significant role in promoting environmental sustainability.

Incineration

Incineration is another effective waste management technique, particularly for reducing the volume of combustible waste. It involves burning waste materials at high temperatures, converting them into ash, flue gas, and heat. This process can be particularly beneficial in areas with limited landfill space.

Here are some key points about incineration:

• It significantly reduces the volume of solid waste, making it easier to manage.
• Modern incineration facilities are designed to capture harmful emissions, minimizing the environmental impact.
• It can generate energy, as the heat produced during incineration can be used to produce electricity or heat buildings.

However, it's essential to have robust systems in place to manage the emissions and by-products of incineration, ensuring that the process is as environmentally friendly as possible.

Sewage Treatment

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. It involves multiple stages of treatment to ensure that the water released back into the environment is clean and safe.

The main steps in sewage treatment include:

• Primary Treatment: The removal of large solids and debris from the wastewater through screening and sedimentation.
• Secondary Treatment: The biological process where microorganisms break down organic matter in the wastewater.
• Tertiary Treatment: Additional purification steps like filtration and disinfection to further cleanse the water.

By treating sewage, we can safeguard public health and protect natural water bodies from pollution, making them safer for wildlife and human use. Ensuring that wastewater is treated effectively is a vital aspect of modern urban waste management.