Question

The domestic waste is decomposed in the presence of (a) aerobic bacteria (b) enzymes (c) Bacillus acidilatic. (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)

Short answer

a) aerobic bacteria

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Process

Domestic waste decomposition refers to breaking down organic waste materials into simpler substances.

Understand Decomposition Conditions

Waste decomposition can occur in the presence of various factors, including bacteria, enzymes, and chemicals.

Determine the Appropriate Agent

Each option must be assessed. Aerobic bacteria decompose waste in the presence of oxygen. Enzymes also aid in decomposition. Bacillus acidilatic is a specific type of bacterium known to help, while \(\text{H}_{2} \text{SO}_{4}\) is sulfuric acid, which is not typically used for decomposition.

Identify the Best Answer

Aerobic bacteria are commonly known to decompose domestic waste efficiently in the presence of oxygen.

Key concepts

aerobic bacteria

Aerobic bacteria are a type of bacteria that require oxygen to survive and thrive. They play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic waste.
Aerobic bacteria break down complex organic materials into simpler substances that can be absorbed by plants and other organisms. This process is essential for recycling nutrients and maintaining healthy ecosystems.
These bacteria can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and compost heaps. By continuously digesting organic waste, aerobic bacteria help to reduce the volume of waste and mitigate harmful effects on the environment.

• They need oxygen to function
• They break down organic materials efficiently
• They help recycle nutrients in ecosystems

organic waste

Organic waste refers to waste materials that come from living organisms or once-living organisms.
This includes kitchen scraps, yard clippings, paper products, and more. Organic waste is rich in carbon and nutrients, making it a valuable resource for composting and soil enrichment.
When organic waste is properly managed and decomposed, it can be converted into compost, which is a natural fertilizer for plants.
Examples of organic waste:

• Fruit and vegetable scraps
• Grass clippings
• Leaves and wood
• Cardboard and paper

decomposition agents

Decomposition agents are substances or organisms that facilitate the breakdown of organic materials. They can be biological, such as bacteria and fungi, or chemical, such as certain enzymes.
These agents are essential for the decomposition process because they break down complex molecules into simpler ones. This breakdown makes nutrients available for other organisms and helps to minimize waste.
Some common decomposition agents include:

• Bacteria (both aerobic and anaerobic)
• Fungi
• Enzymes
• Earthworms

Each agent has a unique role and efficiency, but together, they ensure that organic waste is transformed into valuable compost.

enzymes

Enzymes are biological molecules, typically proteins, that speed up chemical reactions. In the context of organic waste decomposition, enzymes play a vital role in breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler ones.
Enzymes function as catalysts, meaning they lower the energy needed for reactions to occur and thus accelerate the decomposition process.
Different enzymes target various types of organic materials:

• Cellulase breaks down cellulose (plant fibers)
• Protease breaks down proteins
• Lipase breaks down fats

By assisting in the decomposition of organic waste, enzymes help to speed up the process, making it more efficient and effective. This enzymatic action is indispensable for converting organic waste into reusable nutrients.