Question

Gencrally water-borne diseases are caused by polluted water due to (a) detergents (b) sediments (c) human and animal excreta (d) organic pollutants

Short answer

c) human and animal excreta

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Question

Identify the main topic of the question, which is about the causes of water-borne diseases.

Review the Options

Evaluate each option to determine if it is a known cause of water-borne diseases: (a) detergents (b) sediments (c) human and animal excreta (d) organic pollutants

Analyze Water-Borne Disease Causes

Recognize that water-borne diseases are primarily caused by biological contaminants, particularly pathogens from human and animal excreta.

Select the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis, identify that 'human and animal excreta' is the most direct cause of water-borne diseases among the given options.

Key concepts

polluted water

Polluted water is one of the main contributors to water-borne diseases. When water becomes contaminated with harmful substances, it poses a serious risk to human health. Contaminants can come from various sources, including industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage. Exposure to polluted water can lead to a wide range of health issues.
Polluted water is often not visible, making it especially dangerous as many people unknowingly consume or come into contact with it. Contaminants in water can affect not only drinking water but also water bodies used for bathing, cooking, and irrigation.
Regular testing and monitoring of water quality are essential to ensure that it is safe for use. Initiatives to improve water sanitation and educate the public about the dangers of polluted water can help mitigate these risks.

pathogens

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases. Common water-borne pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These organisms can infect anyone who consumes or comes into contact with polluted water. Pathogens often enter water supplies through human and animal excreta, making proper sanitation and waste disposal critical.
Examples of water-borne pathogens include:

• Bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vibrio cholerae.
• Viruses such as Norovirus and Hepatitis A.
• Parasites including Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium.

Understanding the types of pathogens helps in developing effective treatment plans and preventive measures. Boiling water, using water filters, and ensuring proper sewage treatment are common methods to combat water-borne pathogens.

biological contaminants

Biological contaminants are living organisms that contaminate water and cause health issues. These include not only the aforementioned pathogens but also other microorganisms like fungi and protozoans. Biological contaminants can cause diseases ranging from mild gastrointestinal issues to severe infections.
Sources of biological contaminants:

• Improper disposal of human and animal waste.
• Runoff from farms carrying animal waste into water bodies.
• Inadequate sewage treatment systems.

Good hygiene practices, efficient wastewater treatment, and preventing agricultural runoff are essential to reducing biological contamination in water supplies.

causes of diseases

Understanding the causes of water-borne diseases is crucial for prevention and control. These diseases primarily arise from consuming or coming into contact with water contaminated by pathogens. The main causes include:

• Human and animal excreta, which introduce harmful microorganisms into water bodies.
• Organic pollutants, such as decomposing vegetation and waste products, that create a breeding ground for pathogens.
• Industrial and agricultural chemicals can contribute to water pollution, indirectly supporting pathogen growth.

Effective water treatment, proper waste disposal, and public education are necessary steps in preventing these diseases. Public health initiatives often focus on improving access to clean water and educating communities about the dangers of contaminated water.