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An atom has net charge of \(1 .\) It has 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. Its mass number is (1) 37 (2) 35 (3) 38 (4) 20

Short Answer

Expert verified
39

Step by step solution

01

Determine the number of protons

Since the atom has a net charge of +1 and it has 18 electrons, it must have 18 + 1 = 19 protons.
02

Understand the mass number

The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons.
03

Calculate the mass number

The mass number can be calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons: 19 protons + 20 neutrons = 39.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Protons
Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a positive electric charge of +1. Protons determine the atomic number of an element, which defines the element itself. For example, an element with 19 protons is potassium (K). An important point to remember is that the number of protons in an atom is always equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. If the atom is charged (ionized), the number of protons will differ from the number of electrons. Since the given atom has a net charge of +1 and contains 18 electrons, it must have 19 protons.
Neutrons
Neutrons are also found in the nucleus of an atom, alongside protons. They have no electric charge, meaning they are neutral. Neutrons play a critical role in stabilizing the nucleus. The number of neutrons can vary even within atoms of a single element, resulting in different isotopes. In the given exercise, the atom has 20 neutrons. Neutrons, together with protons, contribute significantly to the mass of the atom but do not influence the electric charge.
Mass Number
The mass number is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It gives an approximation of the atom's mass. It is important to note that the mass number is not the same as the atomic mass, which considers the natural isotopic distribution. In the exercise, the protons and neutrons numbers are summed to find the mass number: 19 protons + 20 neutrons = 39. Hence, the correct mass number would be 39, although this conflicts with the given options.
Electrons
Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge of -1. They orbit the nucleus in various energy levels or shells. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. Electrons are essential in chemical reactions and bonding, as they are involved in interactions between atoms. In the exercise, the atom has 18 electrons but carries a +1 net charge, indicating a deficit of one electron compared to the number of protons.

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