Question

\(\Lambda\) compound \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{I}_{8}\right)\) reacts with ammonical \(\Lambda \mathrm{gNO}_{3}\) to give a white precipitate and reacts with an excess of \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) solution to give \(\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CH}\) COOII. The compound is (1) \(\mathrm{CII}_{3}=\mathrm{CII} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CII} \mathrm{CII}_{3}\) (2) \(\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CII} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CII}\) (3) \(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{2} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CII}\) (4) \(\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CII}_{2}\)

Short answer

Option (2) is the correct compound.

Step-by-step solution

Analyze the Information Given

We are given a compound \(\text{C}_{5}\text{I}_{8}\) that reacts with ammonical \(\text{AgNO}_{3}\) to form a white precipitate and with excess \(\text{KMnO}_{4}\) to produce \((\text{CII}_{3})(\text{CII})\text{CHCOOII}\).

Identify the Structure of Possible Compounds

The options provided are different structures of compounds. To determine the correct one, notice that ammonical \(\text{AgNO}_{3}\) indicates the presence of an iodide group that forms a white precipitate, and the product after reaction with excess \(\text{KMnO}_{4}\) indicates specific functional groups.

Determine Reactivity with Ammonical \(\text{AgNO}_{3}\)

The white precipitate from reacting with ammonical \(\text{AgNO}_{3}\) suggests compounds having an iodine (I) atom. Each of the options given contain iodine, so all potentially can react to give a white precipitate.

Determine Reactivity with \(\text{KMnO}_{4}\)

When the compound reacts with excess \(\text{KMnO}_{4}\), it produces \((\text{CII}_{3})(\text{CII})\text{CHCOOII}\). This indicates the presence of \(\text{CH}\) as a suffix and another group combined with \(IOI)\).

Verify and Cross-check Structures

By checking each option: 1) \( \text{CII}_{3}=\text{CII} \text{CH}=\text{CII} \text{CII}_{3}\)2) \( \text{CII}_{3}(\text{IOI}_{2} \text{CII} \text{C}=\text{CII})\)3) \( \text{CII}_{3}(\text{CH}_{2})_{2} \text{C} \text{equiv}\text{CII})\)4) \( \text{CII}_{3}(\text{IOI}_{2} \text{C}=\text{C}=\text{CII}_{2})\)

Match the Product

The option (2) \((\text{CII}_{3})(\text{CIO}_{2} \text{CII} \text{C}=\text{CII})\)After oxidation, the triple bond opens to form \((\text{CII}_{3})(\text{CII})\text{CHCOOII}\). This structure satisfies the given conditions.

Key concepts

Reaction Mechanisms

Reaction mechanisms describe the step-by-step process by which chemical reactions occur. Understanding these mechanisms allows chemists to predict how chemicals will react and in what order. In our exercise, the reaction mechanism involves a compound \(C_5I_8\) reacting with ammonical \(AgNO_3\) and excess \(KMnO_4\). This multi-step process requires knowledge of the following:
• Identification of functional groups
• Determination of possible intermediates
When \(C_5I_8\) reacts with ammonical \(AgNO_3\), the reaction forms a white precipitate. This indicates the presence of an iodide group because iodides typically react with \(AgNO_3\) to form \(AgI\), which is a white solid. The mechanism also involves an oxidation step using \(KMnO_4\). Oxidation is a key part of many organic reactions and involves the loss of electrons, often converting an alkene or alkyne into a different type of compound.

In our solution, the oxidation step produces a product \( (CII_3 )(CII)CHCOOII\) which signifies the creation of carboxylic acid groups. Understanding these mechanisms and the role of each reagent helps in determining the pathway and final products of the reaction.

Chemical Compounds

Chemical compounds are substances composed of two or more different types of elements chemically bonded together. The compound \(C_5I_8\) in our exercise is an organic compound with specific structure possibilities:
1) \(CI_3=CI CH=CI CI_3\)
2) \((CI_3 )_2CIC=CI\)
3) \(CII_3 (CH_2)_2C≡CII\)
4) \((CI_3 )_2C=C=CII_2\)
These structures represent different configurations of carbon and iodine atoms. Organic chemistry often deals with such variations to determine reactivity and interaction with other chemicals.

Correct identification of the compound requires analyzing how it reacts with specific reagents. Ammonical \(AgNO_3\) causes iodide groups to precipitate as \(AgI\), while \(KMnO_4\) oxidizes parts of the molecule to form carboxyl groups, leading to the unique product \( (CI_3 )(CII)CHCOOII\). This helps in narrowing down the correct structure from the given options.

Oxidation Reactions

Oxidation reactions are processes where a molecule loses electrons, often resulting in the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen. In organic chemistry, these reactions are fundamental for transforming molecules.
In our exercise, we see \(C_5I_8\) react with excess \(KMnO_4\), a potent oxidizing agent. Excess \(KMnO_4\) can break double or triple bonds and convert them into carboxylic acids or ketones. The product \( (CI_3 )(CII)CHCOOII\) indicates that the oxidation process has converted specific functional groups within \(C_5I_8\).

Understanding oxidation profiles of different compounds helps chemists predict how a particular molecule will change in a reaction. This requires practical knowledge of reagents like \(KMnO_4\), which are commonly used for oxidation due to their ability to add oxygen to organic molecules. Through oxidation, complex molecules can be broken down into simpler and often more useful compounds for various applications in research and industry.