Question

IUPAC name of C1CCC2(C1)CC2 (1) Bicyclo \(|5,5,0|\) nonane (2) Biphenyl (3) Cyclopropyl cyclohexane (4) Spiro \(|5,2|\) octane

Short answer

Spiro[5,2]octane

Step-by-step solution

Analyzing the Structure

Observe the given SMILES: C1CCC2(C1)CC2. It represents a compound with two ring structures sharing a common carbon atom.

Identifying the Rings

Count the number of carbon atoms in each ring. One ring has 6 carbons and the other has 3.

Considering the Shared Atom

Note that the compound has a single carbon atom shared by both rings, indicating a spiro compound.

Naming the Spiro Compound

Spiro compounds are named using the format spiro[ring size, ring size]alkane. With rings of size 5 (by excluding the shared carbon and remaining part lengths 6-1 in one ring and 3-1 in the other).

Determining the Correct IUPAC Name

From the given options, ‘Spiro[5,2]octane’ (option 4) corresponds to the correct naming format for this molecular structure.

Key concepts

spiro compounds

Spiro compounds are fascinating molecules in organic chemistry. They consist of two or more rings that are connected through a single atom, usually a carbon atom. This shared atom is called the spiro atom. The unique connectivity in spiro compounds gives them interesting properties and makes them valuable in various chemical applications, particularly in pharmaceuticals.

When naming spiro compounds, it's important to note the sizes of the rings connected by the spiro atom. These sizes are indicated in square brackets. For example, in Spiro[5,2]octane, the numbers 5 and 2 refer to the sizes of the two rings connected by the shared carbon atom. The naming format generally follows: Spiro[Ring 1 Size, Ring 2 Size]Alkane. This structure helps provide a clear understanding of the compound's geometry.

organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds, which primarily contain carbon atoms. Carbon's unique ability to form stable bonds with other carbon atoms and various elements allows for the creation of countless complex molecules.

Organic chemistry covers many areas including:

• Synthesis of new compounds
• Analysis of chemical reactions
• Structural determination
• Understanding mechanisms

An essential part of organic chemistry is understanding different types of organic compounds, like spiro compounds. Learning how to read, write, and name these compounds using conventions like IUPAC nomenclature is fundamental for anyone studying organic chemistry.

SMILES notation

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notation is a way to represent the structure of a molecule using a line of text. It allows chemists to convey complex molecular structures in an easy-to-read, linear format. For example, the SMILES notation C1CCC2(C1)CC2 represents a spiro compound with two rings.

Key features of SMILES notation include:

• Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols.
• Single and double bonds can be indicated using - and =, respectively.
• Ring structures are denoted using numbers.

For the spiro compound in our example, the '1' and '2' denote the ring positions, and the parenthesis show the attachment point of the rings. This notation simplifies the communication of molecular structures without the need for detailed diagrams.

IUPAC nomenclature

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature is a standardized system for naming chemical compounds. It ensures consistent and clear communication among chemists worldwide. For organic compounds, the IUPAC system takes into account the structure, types of atoms, and functional groups present in the molecule.

When naming a compound, the following steps are usually followed:

• Identify the main chain or ring structure.
• Determine the position and type of any functional groups.
• Assign locants to atoms to indicate their positions.
• Use prefixes and suffixes to complete the name.

For spiro compounds, the IUPAC naming involves indicating the sizes of the joined rings in square brackets, followed by the name of the base structure (alkane). For example, Spiro[5,2]octane tells us there are rings of 6 and 3 carbons with a shared carbon atom, combining to form an 8-carbon structure.