Chapter 14: Problem 39
In triplet carbenes, the two electrons (1) are paired in one orbital (2) are present in different orbitals (3) have the same spin (4) both \(\mathrm{b}\) and \(\mathrm{c}\)
Short Answer
Expert verified
The correct answer is option (4).
Step by step solution
01
Understand Carbenes
Carbenes are neutral divalent carbon species with two unshared valence electrons.
02
Define Triplet Carbenes
Triplet carbenes have two electrons with parallel spins residing in separate orbitals, making them paramagnetic.
03
Analyze Electron Configuration
In triplet carbenes, the electrons are not paired. Instead, they occupy different orbitals and possess the same spin.
04
Identify Correct Statements
From the options given, (2) 'are present in different orbitals' and (3) 'have the same spin' accurately describe the electron configuration of triplet carbenes.
05
Final Answer
Thus, the correct answer is option (4), which includes both (2) and (3).
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
carbenes
Carbenes are fascinating yet simple molecules in organic chemistry. They contain a carbon atom with only two bonds, leaving the carbon with two unused valence electrons. This unique configuration gives carbenes special properties.
For clarity:
There are two main types:
For clarity:
- Carbenes have a central carbon atom with two sigma bonds and two valence electrons.
- They are usually represented by the formula \text{R}-\(\text{C}\):\(\text{R}\).
There are two main types:
- Singlet carbenes: Electrons are paired in one orbital.
- Triplet carbenes: Electrons are unpaired in separate orbitals with parallel spins.
electron configuration
The electron configuration of atoms and molecules describes how their electrons are distributed in different orbitals. This helps predict the chemical behavior and properties of the substance. For triplet carbenes, the electron configuration is quite specific. In triplet carbenes:
- The two valence electrons are in different orbitals.
- Both electrons have the same spin (parallel spins).
- In singlet carbenes, both electrons would pair up in one orbital, resulting in no net spin.
- In triplet carbenes, each electron occupies its own orbital, resulting in a magnetic moment due to their parallel spins.
paramagnetism
Paramagnetism refers to the magnetic properties of materials with unpaired electrons. These materials are attracted to external magnetic fields. Triplet carbenes exhibit paramagnetism due to their unique electron configuration:
- They have unpaired electrons in separate orbitals.
- These unpaired electrons have parallel spins.
- Only substances with unpaired electrons can be paramagnetic.
- When exposed to a magnetic field, the spins of the unpaired electrons align with the field.