Question

Which of the following statements is correct for interstitial carbides? (1) The properties of these carbides are intermediate between ionic and covalent. (2) They are hydrolyzed by water and acids giving a mixture of hydrocarbons and hydrogen. (3) These carbides have chains of carbon atoms running through a distorted metal structure. (4) All are correct.

Short answer

None of the statements are correct.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Interstitial Carbides

Interstitial carbides are formed when small carbon atoms fit into the interstices (gaps) in a metal lattice.

Analyzing the First Statement

This statement is incorrect. The properties of interstitial carbides are metallic rather than intermediate between ionic and covalent.

Analyzing the Second Statement

This statement is also incorrect. Interstitial carbides are generally very stable and not easily hydrolyzed by water and acids.

Analyzing the Third Statement

This statement is also incorrect. Interstitial carbides do not have chains of carbon atoms running through a metal structure; instead, carbon atoms occupy positions within the metal lattice.

Confirming All Statements

Since none of the above statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct, the correct option cannot be 'All are correct'.

Key concepts

metal lattice

A metal lattice forms the basic structure of metals. Metal atoms arrange themselves in a highly ordered, repeating pattern. This pattern is often described as a lattice. The lattice is like a 3D grid where each point represents a metal atom.
The arrangement allows electrons to move freely, which is a key feature of metals. This movement of electrons contributes to various metallic properties such as conductivity.
In interstitial carbides, small carbon atoms fit into the gaps or 'interstices' within this metal lattice. The carbon atoms do not disrupt the overall structure significantly. They just fill the gaps without bonding directly to the metal atoms.
This positioning is crucial because it maintains the metallic nature of the carbide. It explains why the properties of interstitial carbides are more metallic, rather than ionic or covalent.

metallic properties

Metals are known for several key properties. These include electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility. The free movement of electrons within the metal lattice is responsible for many of these characteristics.
When small atoms like carbon fit into the metal lattice to form interstitial carbides, the overall metallic properties are retained. This means that interstitial carbides will still have:

• High electrical conductivity
• Good thermal conductivity
• Strength and hardness

These properties make interstitial carbides very useful in various industrial applications. They can withstand high temperatures and resist wear and tear, making them ideal for cutting tools and other high-stress environments.

carbon atoms

Carbon atoms play a critical role in forming interstitial carbides. These carbides form when these small atoms fit into the gaps of a metal lattice.
Carbon atoms are much smaller in size compared to metal atoms, which is why they can easily fit into the interstitial spaces without distorting the overall lattice structure.
Interestingly, carbon in interstitial carbides does not form direct bonds with the surrounding metal atoms. Instead, it occupies positions within the metal lattice, maintaining the metallic properties of the compound.
The presence of carbon atoms in the metal lattice increases the hardness and strength of the metal, making interstitial carbides incredibly hard materials.
This feature is what makes them valuable for producing cutting tools, abrasives, and various other industrial applications.