Question

\(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{X}+\mathrm{HCl}\) \(\mathrm{X} \stackrel{1000 \mathrm{C}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Y}\) \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) in the above reactions are (1) \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{Si}\) (2) \(\mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{SiO}_{4}+\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) (3) \(\mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) (4) \(\mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{SiO}_{4}+\mathrm{Si}\)

Short answer

The correct answer is (1) \(\text{SiO}_2\) and \(\text{Si}\).

Step-by-step solution

- Identify the Reaction

The initial reaction involves \(\text{SiCl}_4\) and \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\). Consider what products can be formed when silicon tetrachloride reacts with water.

- Determine the Product \(X\)

When \(\text{SiCl}_4\) reacts with \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\), the reaction typically produces \(\text{SiO}_2\) and \(\text{HCl}\). Write the balanced equation: \[ \text{SiCl}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{SiO}_2 + 4\text{HCl} \]

- Analyze the Second Reaction

In the second reaction, \(X\) is heated at 1000°C to form \(Y\). Since \(X\) has been identified as \(\text{SiO}_2\), think about what happens to silicon dioxide when it is heated to this high temperature.

- Determine Product \(Y\)

Upon heating at 1000°C, silicon dioxide (\text{SiO}_2) can convert to silicon (\text{Si}). Thus, \(Y\) is \(\text{Si}\).

- Final Solution

By identifying \(X\) as \(\text{SiO}_2\) and \(Y\) as \(\text{Si}\), the answer matches with the options provided.

Key concepts

Silicon Tetrachloride Reaction

Understanding the reaction of silicon tetrachloride \(\text{SiCl}_4\) with water \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) is vital. When \(\text{SiCl}_4\) reacts with water, it undergoes a hydrolysis reaction. Hydrolysis means the breakdown of a compound due to its reaction with water.
In this case, silicon tetrachloride reacts to form silicon dioxide \(\text{SiO}_2\) and hydrochloric acid \(\text{HCl}\). The balanced reaction is:

\[ \text{SiCl}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{SiO}_2 + 4\text{HCl} \]
This equation shows that one molecule of \(\text{SiCl}_4\) reacts with two molecules of water to produce one molecule of \(\text{SiO}_2\) and four molecules of \(\text{HCl}\).
Hydrolysis is common in silicon chemistry because it helps form silicon-based compounds used in various applications, from electronics to glass making.

Silicon Dioxide

Silicon dioxide \(\text{SiO}_2\) is a widely occurring compound found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms. It is a crucial component in many materials.
When formed during the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with water, \(\text{SiO}_2\) is a white, powdery substance. This compound is notable for its high melting point and exceptional hardness.
It has an essential role in many industrial processes:

• In glass making, providing rigidity and transparency
• As a raw material for silicon production in the semiconductor industry
• In the manufacture of ceramics

When heated to high temperatures, as in our reaction at 1000°C, silicon dioxide can reduce to silicon \(\text{Si}\). Understanding these transformations is important for applications in materials science and chemistry.

Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions involve the transformation of reactants into products through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. They are classified into types like synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement.
One key reaction type is hydrolysis, as seen with silicon tetrachloride and water. Another is the reduction reaction where silicon dioxide \(\text{SiO}_2\) is heated to 1000°C to form silicon \(\text{Si}\).
The reaction can be described as:

\[ \text{SiO}_2 \stackrel{1000^\circ \text{C}}{\longrightarrow} \text{Si} + \text{O}_2 \]
Reduction involves the loss of oxygen or the gain of electrons. In this case, \(\text{SiO}_2\) loses oxygen to form silicon metal. Recognizing these different reaction types helps in understanding more complex chemical processes and their practical applications in industry and research.