Chapter 12: Problem 105
The false statement among the following is
(1)
Short Answer
Expert verified
Statement 4 is false. Hydrated is not a Lewis acid.
Step by step solution
01
Identify the Covalent and Ionic Compounds
Check if anhydrous and hydrated are covalent or ionic. Anhydrous is covalent because it forms a dimer through chlorine bridges. Hydrated contains water molecules that coordinate to the ions, making the compound ionic.
02
Check if Anhydrous is a Lewis Acid
Identify if anhydrous acts as a Lewis acid. is a Lewis acid as it can accept electron pairs due to the presence of an empty orbital on the aluminum atom.
03
Check if Hydrated is a Lewis Acid
Determine if can act as a Lewis acid. The hydrate form already has aluminum coordinated with H2O molecules, reducing its ability to act as a Lewis acid effectively compared to the anhydrous form.
04
Identify the False Statement
Compare the statements given: (1) is covalent (true), (2) is ionic (true), (3) is a Lewis acid (true), (4) is a Lewis acid (false). Thus, the false statement is: \textbf{ii}ydrated is a Lewis acid.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are created when two or more atoms share electrons, instead of giving them away or taking them. These atoms form molecules where the shared electrons belong to both atoms in the bond. An example of a covalent compound is anhydrous , where aluminum and chlorine atoms share electrons, forming a stable molecule.
- Covalent bonds are typically found in compounds with nonmetals.
- These bonds can be single, double, or triple, depending on the number of shared electron pairs.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons from one to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that are attracted to each other. This type of bond generally occurs between metals and nonmetals. An example is hydrated , where aluminum loses electrons to chlorine, forming and ions, with water molecules stabilizing the structure.
- Ionic bonds create a crystalline lattice, which contributes to high melting and boiling points.
- These compounds are often soluble in water and conduct electricity when dissolved.
Coordination Chemistry
Coordination chemistry deals with coordination compounds, where a central metal atom or ion is bonded to surrounding molecules or ions, called ligands. These ligands donate pairs of electrons to the metal, creating a complex. For instance, in hydrated , water molecules act as ligands, coordinating to the ion.
- The metal-ligand bond is known as a coordinate covalent bond, where both electrons in the bond originate from the ligand.
- Coordination compounds can exhibit various geometries, such as octahedral or tetrahedral, based on the number of ligands.
Hydration of Compounds
Hydration refers to the addition of water molecules to a substance, which can significantly alter its properties. This process is especially important in coordination chemistry, as seen with hydrated . In this case, the aluminum ions are surrounded by water molecules, forming a stable hydrated complex.
- Hydration can change the solubility, reactivity, and phase of a compound.
- The number of water molecules associated with a compound is often indicated in its chemical formula.