Question

Platinized magnesium sulphate is used as a catalyst in (1) Haber's process (2) Contact process (3) Decon process (4) Hoopes process

Short answer

None of the mentioned processes use platinized magnesium sulfate as a catalyst.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Question

The task is to identify the industrial process that uses platinized magnesium sulfate as a catalyst.

Identify Each Process

List the key reactions and catalysts of each of the four processes mentioned: Haber's process, Contact process, Decon process, and Hoopes process.

Examine Haber's Process

In Haber's process, nitrogen reacts with hydrogen in the presence of an iron catalyst, not platinized magnesium sulfate.

Examine Contact Process

The Contact process for manufacturing sulfuric acid involves converting sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide using vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) as the catalyst, not platinized magnesium sulfate.

Examine Decon Process

The Decon process, used for the dechlorination of waste streams, typically involves various catalysts but not platinized magnesium sulfate.

Examine Hoopes Process

The Hoopes process, used for refining aluminum, employs an electrolyte mixture but not platinized magnesium sulfate.

Conclusion on Catalysts

Since none of the processes above specifically use platinized magnesium sulfate as a catalyst, the options given do not match the use of this catalyst.

Key concepts

Haber's Process

The Haber’s Process is essential in industrial chemistry, as it synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. This process is vital because ammonia is a precursor for fertilizers, which are crucial for modern agriculture.

In the Haber’s Process, the following key reaction occurs:

\[ N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g) \ \text{ΔH = -92 kJ/mol} \]

The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The process uses an iron catalyst mixed with some other elements, such as potassium and aluminum oxides, to increase efficiency and yield.

The conditions needed for this reaction include:

• High pressure (about 200 atmospheres)
• High temperature (around 450°C)
• Iron-based catalyst

It's important to note that platinized magnesium sulfate is not used in the Haber’s Process as a catalyst. The specific catalyst employed is iron mixed with other promoters to optimize the reaction.

Contact Process

The Contact Process is the most common method for producing sulfuric acid, a crucial industrial chemical.

The key reactions involved are:

\[ S + O_2 \rightarrow SO_2 \]\[ 2SO_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2SO_3 \ \text{(using V2O5 as a catalyst)} \]\[ SO_3 + H_2O \rightarrow H_2SO_4 \]

In the second reaction, sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide, and this step is where the catalyst vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) plays a critical role. The conditions involve:

• High temperature (around 450°C)
• Presence of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) as the catalyst

Then, sulfur trioxide is absorbed in water to form sulfuric acid.

Platinized magnesium sulfate is not used in the Contact Process. It's important to remember that different industrial processes use specific catalysts tailored to their needs. For the Contact Process, the catalyst is vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), not platinized magnesium sulfate.

Decon Process

The Decon Process is a critical industrial procedure for dechlorinating waste streams, which is particularly important for reducing environmental pollution.

This process generally involves chemical reactions that convert chlorinated compounds into less harmful substances. The catalysts used can vary, but the process does not rely on platinized magnesium sulfate.

In essence, the Decon Process uses various catalysts to help break down chlorinated organic compounds, aiding in the detoxification and safe disposal of industrial waste.

Some key points include:
• Not reliant on platinized magnesium sulfate
• Uses alternatives like proprietary catalytic systems
• Aims to protect the environment by reducing chlorine content in waste

Even though platinized magnesium sulfate is not involved as a catalyst here, the method itself is a vital component in industrial processes aimed at environmental protection.

Hoopes Process

The Hoopes Process is used for the electrolytic refining of aluminum, which is crucial for producing highly pure aluminum.

The core principle of the Hoopes Process is to use an electrolytic cell to purify aluminum of its impurities. This process uses a three-layer electrolytic cell composed of:

• Molten impure aluminum at the bottom
• An electrolyte mixture in the middle
• Molten pure aluminum on top

The electrolyte mixture often contains cryolite (Na3AlF6) and other compounds to facilitate the electrolysis.

Platinized magnesium sulfate is not involved in this process. Instead, the effectiveness of the Hoopes Process stems from the strategic use of an electrolyte mixture and specialized equipment to achieve high-purity aluminum.

This method is essential for applications requiring aluminum with very low impurity levels, such as in aerospace and electronics.