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Which among the following statements is correct? (1) In the solid state BeCl2 has a polymcric chain structure and contains three centred bonds. (2) In the vapour state BeCl2 exists as a dimer. (3) BeCl2 is a covalent compound soluble in organic solvents. (4) Λ ll are correct.

Short Answer

Expert verified
All are correct (Option 4).

Step by step solution

01

- Analyze the solid state

In the solid state, BeCl2 forms a polymeric chain structure. The beryllium atoms are each bonded to two chlorine atoms and share chloride bridges forming a three-center bond.
02

- Analyze the vapour state

In the vapour state, BeCl2 does not exist as a monomeric molecule. Instead, it forms dimers (BeCl2)2, where two BeCl2 molecules are linked through chlorine bridges.
03

- Check solubility and bonding

BeCl2 is a covalent compound due to the high charge density of the beryllium ion. It is soluble in organic solvents, which typically dissolve covalent compounds.
04

- Interpret the options

Examine each option: \ 1. True, BeCl2 has a polymeric chain structure with three-center bonds in the solid state. \ 2. True, BeCl2 exists as a dimer in the vapour state. \ 3. True, BeCl2 is a covalent compound and is soluble in organic solvents. \ 4. True, all the statements are correct.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

solid-state chemistry
Solid-state chemistry examines compounds in their solid state, where the atoms or ions are arranged in an organized structure. In solid-state, BeCl2 forms an intricate pattern due to the interactions between its particles. Rather than existing as isolated molecules, BeCl2 adopts a more complex arrangement, influencing its properties significantly.
polymeric chain structure
Solid BeCl2 features a polymeric chain structure. This means repeated units of BeCl2 are connected, forming long chains. Each beryllium atom bonds with two chlorine atoms directly and connects with other beryllium atoms via shared chlorine atoms. So, the structure extends, forming a macromolecule. This polymeric structure stabilizes BeCl2 and gives it distinctive properties in its solid form.
three-center bonds
A unique feature of solid BeCl2 is the presence of three-center bonds. In these bonds, two electrons are shared among three atoms, which in this case are typically two beryllium atoms and one chlorine atom. This bonding type is somewhat unusual and helps to explain the stability and formation of the polymeric chains in solid BeCl2. It's a crucial concept for understanding the compound's structure.
dimer formation
Upon heating, BeCl2 transitions to the vapor state, and its behavior changes. Instead of existing as individual molecules, BeCl2 forms dimers. A dimer consists of two BeCl2 units connected through chlorine atoms. This formation (\text{BeCl}_2)_2 is more stable than two separate BeCl2 molecules due to the sharing of electrons. This structural change is important in the gaseous state.
covalent compounds
BeCl2 is classified as a covalent compound. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The high charge density of beryllium makes its bonding more covalent than ionic. Therefore, BeCl2 does not form ions in solution but remains as distinct molecules sharing electrons.
solubility in organic solvents
One notable property of BeCl2 is its solubility in organic solvents. Organic solvents like alcohol, ether, or benzene can dissolve BeCl2, which is unusual for many salts. This solubility is due to its covalent nature, allowing it to interact well with the non-polar structures of organic compounds, indicating useful chemical behavior in various applications.

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