Question

The basic raw materials used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate by Solvay's process are (1) Lime stone and ammonia (2) Sodium chloride and ammonia (3) Ammonia, carbon dioxide and sodium chloride (4) Common salt and lime stone

Short answer

Option (3) Ammonia, carbon dioxide and sodium chloride.

Step-by-step solution

- Identify the Solvay Process

The Solvay process, also known as the ammonia-soda process, is a major industrial process for producing sodium carbonate (soda ash). It involves several key raw materials.

- List the Raw Materials

The primary raw materials involved in the Solvay process are sodium chloride (common salt), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Limestone (CaCO3) is also used to generate carbon dioxide.

- Compare the Provided Options

Match the listed raw materials for the Solvay process with the given options: (1) Lime stone and ammonia (2) Sodium chloride and ammonia (3) Ammonia, carbon dioxide and sodium chloride (4) Common salt and lime stone. The correct option should include sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

- Select the Correct Option

Option (3) - Ammonia, carbon dioxide and sodium chloride - matches the raw materials used in the Solvay process.

Key concepts

sodium carbonate production

The Solvay process is the primary method for producing sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash. This process was developed in the 1860s and remains essential in industrial chemistry. It starts with the conversion of raw materials into intermediate products and finishes with the production of sodium carbonate. This chemical is critical for many industries, including glass manufacturing, paper production, and even food processing.
There are several steps involved in producing sodium carbonate through the Solvay process:

• Brine purification
• Ammonia absorption
• Generation of carbon dioxide
• Sodium bicarbonate precipitation
• Calcination of sodium bicarbonate

Each of these steps involves specific chemical reactions, ensuring that raw materials transform efficiently into sodium carbonate.

raw materials in Solvay process

Understanding the raw materials used in the Solvay process is key to grasping how sodium carbonate is produced. The crucial raw materials required are:

• Sodium chloride (NaCl): Commonly known as salt, it is dissolved in water to make a brine solution.
• Ammonia (NH3): This gas is absorbed in the brine solution to create ammoniated brine.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2): Generated by heating limestone (CaCO3), it reacts with ammonia and water.
• Limestone (CaCO3): This is calcined to produce CO2 and lime (CaO).

These materials undergo specific reactions during the Solvay process, resulting in the efficient production of sodium bicarbonate, which is subsequently converted into sodium carbonate.

industrial chemistry process

The Solvay process is a crucial example of an industrial chemistry process. This means it is a large-scale chemical manufacturing process designed to produce chemicals on an industrial scale. Here are key aspects of industrial chemistry showcased by the Solvay process:

• Efficiency: The process maximizes material use, reducing waste.
• By-Product Management: For example, ammonia used in the Solvay process is recycled, making the process economical and environmentally friendly.
• Scale: The Solvay process is designed to handle large quantities, essential for meeting industrial demand.

These aspects illustrate the importance of careful planning and execution in industrial chemistry to ensure economic feasibility, safety, and sustainability.