Question

The amount of a given product calculated to be obtained in a chemical reaction that goes to completion is (1) The per cent efficiency of the reaction (2) The yield of the reaction (3) The theoretical yield of the reaction (4) None of the above

Short answer

Option (3) 'The theoretical yield of the reaction.'

Step-by-step solution

Understand the definition

To solve this problem, it's important to understand the definitions of each term. The theoretical yield in a chemical reaction refers to the amount of product that can be formed based on stoichiometric calculations from the reactants given, assuming the reaction goes to completion without any losses or side reactions.

Identify the key term in the question

The question asks for the term that describes 'the amount of a given product calculated to be obtained in a chemical reaction that goes to completion.' This calculation does not take into account the actual efficiency of the reaction or experimental losses.

Match the definition with the options

Compare the term defined in Step 1 with the given options. The term 'theoretical yield' best matches the definition of the amount of product calculated assuming the reaction goes to completion.

Select the correct option

Based on the definitions and comparisons, select the option that corresponds to 'theoretical yield.' This is option (3) 'The theoretical yield of the reaction.'

Key concepts

chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process where substances, known as reactants, are transformed into different substances called products. These transformations depend on the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

Reactions can be classified in various ways, such as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions. For a reaction to occur, reactants must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation, known as the collision theory of chemical reactions.

The conditions of the reaction, like temperature, pressure, and the presence of catalysts, can affect the rate and outcome of the reaction. Reactants are converted to products when the activation energy barrier is surpassed, facilitating the reorganization of atoms and molecules.

stoichiometric calculations

Stoichiometric calculations help predict the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. These calculations are based on the balanced chemical equation, which ensures the conservation of mass and atoms.

Here's a step-by-step approach to performing stoichiometric calculations:

• Write down the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
• Identify the molar ratios of reactants and products from the coefficients in the balanced equation.
• Calculate the moles of each reactant or product as needed, using the molar mass if starting from a given mass.
• Use the molar ratios to convert between the moles of different substances.
• Finally, convert the moles back to grams or other units if required.

These calculations ensure you know how much of each reactant you need or how much product you can expect, which is crucial for determining the theoretical yield.

reaction completion

In the context of chemical reactions, completion means that the reaction has proceeded until the reactants are fully converted into products. In practice, very few reactions go to 100% completion due to equilibrium dynamics or side reactions.

When calculating the theoretical yield, we assume that the reaction goes to completion, meaning all the limiting reactant is entirely consumed. The limiting reactant is the substance that is used up first and limits the amount of product formed. Identifying the limiting reactant is a crucial step, as it directly affects the theoretical yield.

This concept helps in understanding the maximum possible amount of product that can be obtained from given reactants under ideal conditions. Knowing this helps chemists plan and optimize their experiments more effectively.