Question

The acid-catalyzed conversion of propyl ethanoate to benzyl ethanoate is likely: (A) reduction. (B) hydrolysis. (C) transesterification. (D) oxidation.

Short answer

C) transesterification.

Step-by-step solution

- Understand Acid-Catalyzed Reactions

Acid-catalyzed reactions involve the use of an acid to accelerate the reaction. Common types of acid-catalyzed reactions include esterification, hydrolysis, and transesterification.

- Identify the Functional Groups

Propyl ethanoate is an ester (R-COOR'), and benzyl ethanoate is also an ester. The reaction converts one ester to another.

- Determine the Type of Reaction

Reduction typically involves the gain of electrons, hydrolysis involves breaking bonds with water, and oxidation involves the loss of electrons. Transesterification involves exchanging the organic group of an ester with another alcohol.

- Match Details to Reaction Types

Since propyl ethanoate (an ester) is converted to benzyl ethanoate (another ester) in the presence of an acid catalyst, it fits the definition of transesterification (swapping the R' groups of esters).

- Choose the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis, the conversion of propyl ethanoate to benzyl ethanoate by an acid catalyst is a transesterification reaction.

Key concepts

acid-catalyzed reactions

Acid-catalyzed reactions play a significant role in organic chemistry. These reactions use an acid to speed up the process. Common acids used include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. They act by donating a proton (H+) to the reactants. This helps to make the reactants more reactive.
In the context of ester conversion, acid catalysis is essential. It can facilitate various reactions such as esterification (forming an ester), hydrolysis (breaking an ester), and transesterification (swapping the organic group).
One should remember that the role of the acid is to just accelerate the reaction, not to act as a reactant itself. This increases the efficiency and speed of the reaction making it a crucial tool in chemical processes.

organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with carbon-containing compounds. It studies their structure, properties, reactions, and synthesis. Despite carbon's ability to form countless compounds, there are common reaction types critical to understanding.
Among them, reactions involving esters are particularly important. Esters are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols. They are commonly found in fragrances and flavors.
Understanding these reactions enables chemists to manipulate and create a wide range of important molecules. For instance, converting one ester to another (like propyl ethanoate to benzyl ethanoate) via transesterification expands possibilities in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and polymers.

ester conversion

Ester conversion is an essential topic within organic chemistry, involving several key reactions.
One of the main conversions is transesterification, where one ester is transformed into another ester. This process typically involves swapping the alcohol portion (the R' group) of the ester with another alcohol. For example, in the acid-catalyzed reaction given, propyl ethanoate (an ester) is converted to benzyl ethanoate (another ester).
This reaction is driven by the presence of an acid, facilitating the exchange of functional groups. It’s crucial to recognize that both starting and ending compounds are esters, characterized by their functional group (R-COOR').
Effectively learning ester conversion illustrates broader concepts like reaction mechanisms and catalysis, enabling students to apply this knowledge in diverse chemical synthesis scenarios.