Question

State the suffix in the name for each of the following: (a) \(\mathrm{NaIO}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HIO}_{3}(a q)\)

Short answer

(a) The suffix is '-ate' for sodium iodate. (b) The suffix is '-ic' for iodic acid.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Anion in Each Compound

For both given compounds, first identify the anion present. (a) In \( \mathrm{NaIO}_3 \), the anion is \( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \) which is called iodate.(b) In \( \mathrm{HIO}_3(aq) \), the central anion form is also \( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \), the iodate anion.

Determine the Suffix for the Salt

For the compound \( \mathrm{NaIO}_3 \), since it consists of the sodium cation and the iodate anion, the suffix '-ate' is used. Sodium iodate indicates that it is a salt formed from an ion with the anion suffix -ate.

Determine the Suffix for the Acid

For the compound \( \mathrm{HIO}_3(aq) \), it is an oxyacid. The oxyanion is iodate (\( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \)), so when naming acids containing an ion with the '-ate' suffix, replace it with '-ic'. Thus, the name is iodic acid, indicating the presence of the 'ic' suffix for the acid.

Key concepts

Anion Identification

In chemical nomenclature, identifying the anion in a compound is a crucial step in determining the proper name and understanding the compound's properties. The anion is the negatively charged ion in an ionic compound. To identify it, look at the formula and recognize the charged species present. For example:

• In the compound \( \mathrm{NaIO}_3 \), the anion is \( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \). This anion is known as "iodate".
• Similarly, in \( \mathrm{HIO}_3(aq) \), the same \( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \) anion is present, also known as "iodate".

This iodate anion is a polyatomic ion, meaning it contains more than one atom. Identifying an anion helps in understanding the compound's chemical behavior and in naming the compound correctly. Once you recognize the anion, you can proceed to name the compound and determine the suffix based on the anion type.

Acid-Base Nomenclature

Acid-base nomenclature revolves around naming acids and bases systematically. Acids are substances that release H₊ ions in aqueous solutions, and they have specific rules in naming them. For example:

• \( \mathrm{HIO}_3(aq) \) is named based on its anion, \( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \), which is called "iodate".
• When naming acids, if the anion ends with '-ate', the acid name will typically end with '-ic'. Hence, \( \mathrm{HIO}_3(aq) \) becomes "iodic acid".

This pattern helps to distinguish different types of acids. For instance, an anion name ending with '-ite' would transform in the acid name by ending with '-ous'. Understanding these rules simplifies memorizing the names and properties of various acids, crucial for understanding reactions involving these compounds.

Suffix in Compound Names

Suffixes in compound names play a significant role in chemical nomenclature. They provide information on the type of compound and its properties. When it comes to salts and acids, suffixes are particularly important:

• In salts, the typical suffix is '-ate' when the compound contains a polyatomic ion. For instance, \( \mathrm{NaIO}_3 \) is named "sodium iodate" because it includes the iodate (\( \mathrm{IO}_3^- \)) ion.
• Conversely, acids derived from '-ate' anions typically have names ending with '-ic'. Thus, based on the iodate anion in \( \mathrm{HIO}_3(aq) \), the compound is called "iodic acid".

These suffixes not only help in naming compounds but also infer the chemical behavior of the substance. They provide an understanding of the compound's interaction with other chemicals, which is essential in both academic and professional chemistry contexts.