Question

Supply a systematic name for each of the following monoatomic anions: (a) \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) (c) Br (d) I

Short answer

(a) Fluoride, (b) Chloride, (c) Bromide, (d) Iodide.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Element

First, determine the element corresponding to each symbol. (a) F stands for Fluorine, (b) Cl stands for Chlorine, (c) Br stands for Bromine, and (d) I stands for Iodine.

Determine the Charge of the Ion

Since each symbol represents a monoatomic anion, they all have a negative charge. For each case: (a) \(^{-}\), (b) \( ext{Cl}^{-}\), (c) Br, (d) I denote elements with a single negative charge (ucleus has gained one additional electron).

Formulate the Anion Name

To name the anion, use the root of the element's name and add the suffix '-ide'. So, (a) Fluoride, (b) Chloride, (c) Bromide, (d) Iodide.

Key concepts

Monoatomic Anions

Monoatomic anions are negatively charged ions that contain only one type of atom. They are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in a net negative charge. For example, when a neutral chlorine atom (\(\mathrm{Cl}\)) gains an electron, it becomes \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\), a monoatomic anion.
These ions are important in chemistry because they often participate in chemical reactions and are key components in various compounds.

To identify a monoatomic anion, follow these steps:

• Determine the element: Look at the chemical symbol to identify the element.
• Consider the charge: If it's negatively charged, it is an anion.

Monoatomic anions are distinct from polyatomic anions, which consist of multiple atoms. Understanding these ions is crucial for grasping the basics of ionic compounds and chemical reactions.

Systematic Naming

Systematic naming in chemistry allows us to clearly and efficiently identify chemical species, such as monoatomic anions. The naming process is standardized to ensure consistency across scientific communications. For monoatomic anions, the systematic name involves the root of the element's name followed by the suffix '-ide'.
Here's how you can systematically name monoatomic anions:

• Identify the element: Use the chemical symbol to determine the root of the element's name.
• Apply the suffix: Add '-ide' to the root to signify that it is an anion.

For example, a fluorine atom that gains an electron and becomes \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) is named "Fluoride."

This naming convention is crucial for the clear differentiation and communication of various ions. It helps avoid confusion when dealing with substances in both academic and practical chemical settings.

Chemical Symbols

Chemical symbols are shorthand notations representing elements on the periodic table. Each symbol consists of one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalized, and the second letter, if present, lowercase. These symbols provide a quick reference to the elements and play a critical role in the study and communication of chemistry.

For example:

• F: stands for Fluorine.
• Cl: stands for Chlorine.
• Br: stands for Bromine.
• I: stands for Iodine.

The use of chemical symbols is vital for writing and interpreting chemical formulas, equations, and reactions efficiently. They serve as the foundation of chemical nomenclature and help in predicting the nature and reactions of different substances when combined.
Understanding chemical symbols is an essential skill for students and professionals working in scientific fields.