Question

What name was given to Element 104 by American physicists after their discovery in \(1969 ?\)

Short answer

Element 104 was named Rutherfordium in 1969 by American physicists.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Context

In 1969, American physicists identified a new chemical element, which needed to be given a name. This exercise asks us to determine what they decided to call it.

Recall Historical Naming Conventions

For a long time, the naming of new elements was often influenced by notable scientists or places. In this instance, we should consider what significant influences were present at the time or related to the discovery.

Remember the Element's Naming

The element discovered by American physicists in 1969 was named Rutherfordium. This name honors Ernest Rutherford, a physicist known for his work in nuclear physics.

Verify Historical Details

Confirm that the name given aligns with historical records from 1969. The name 'Rutherfordium', which was suggested by American physicists, is consistent with naming conventions of the time.

Key concepts

Element Discovery

When scientists identify a new element, it is a momentous achievement in chemistry. Discovering an element involves extensive experimentation and research. Initially, scientists must confirm that they have stumbled upon a new substance—something that fills a gap or extends the periodic table.
The process generally entails several phases:

• Experimental Identification: Scientists conduct experiments to isolate and identify new elements, usually involving advanced technology and complex chemical reactions.
• Verification: Findings must be verified by independent researchers, ensuring that the element's discovery is consistent and reproducible.
• Publication: Once confirmed, researchers publish their results, sometimes suggesting a name for the new element.

The discovery of an element is not just about the science; it's about adding to human knowledge and sometimes even solving puzzles from the periodic table. Discoveries often lead to further scientific inquiry and application.

Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium, with the atomic number 104, is an element named in honor of Ernest Rutherford, a prominent figure in nuclear physics. It was first discovered in 1969 by a team of American physicists. A critical part of the discovery process was naming the element, a decision that reflects the element's characteristics and significance.
The name "Rutherfordium" celebrates Rutherford's contributions to our understanding of atomic structure and radioactivity. His work laid the foundation for nuclear physics, and naming an element after him signifies the impact of his scientific achievements.
Rutherfordium is a synthetic element, meaning it doesn't occur naturally and was created in a laboratory setting. Given its position as a transition metal, it resides in the d-block of the periodic table and is expected to exhibit qualities similar to hafnium, the element directly above it.
The dedication of Rutherfordium to a scientist such as Ernest Rutherford underscores the tradition of acknowledging historical contributions within the scientific community.

Historical Naming Conventions

Throughout history, the naming of elements has often been rooted in cultural and scientific tradition. Names might reflect a notable place, a researcher who made significant contributions, or the element's properties. In the case of Rutherfordium, the choice to honor Ernest Rutherford aligns with a long history of recognizing individuals who have made profound impacts on science.
Some notable naming conventions include:

• Honorific Names: Elements like curium and einsteinium were named after Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, respectively, celebrating their scientific achievements.
• Place of Discovery: Elements such as americium and europium reflect geographical locations related to their discovery or origin.
• Property-based Names: Certain elements are named based on their characteristics or the method of their discovery, offering insights into their identity.

The selection of a name not only highlights who or what influenced its discovery but also embodies a storytelling aspect of the history of science. This convention ensures the achievements and milestones in science are remembered and honored.