Problem 1
Which of the following is a general property of an acidic solution? (a) tastes sour (b) turns litmus paper red (c) pH less than 7 (d) neutralizes a base
Problem 2
Which of the following is a general property of a basic solution? (a) tastes bitter (b) turns litmus paper blue (c) pH greater than 7 (d) feels slippery
Problem 3
Classify the following aqueous solutions as strongly acidic, weakly acidic, neutral, weakly basic, or strongly basic: (a) stomach acid, \(\mathrm{pH} 1.5\) (b) vinegar, \(\mathrm{pH} 3.2\) (c) shampoo, \(\mathrm{pH} 7.0\) (d) ammonia, \(\mathrm{pH} 11.1\)
Problem 4
Classify the following aqueous solutions as strongly acidic, weakly acidic, neutral, weakly basic, or strongly basic: (a) battery acid, \(\mathrm{pH} 0\) (b) lime juice, \(\mathrm{pH} 2.7\) (c) distilled water, \(\mathrm{pH} 7.0\) (d) drain cleaner, \(\mathrm{pH} 13.5\)
Problem 5
Classify each of the following Arrhenius acids as strong or weak given the degree of ionization: (a) acetic acid, \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q), \sim 1 \%\) (b) carbonic acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q), \sim 1 \%\) (c) chlorous acid, \(\mathrm{HClO}_{2}(a q), \sim 1 \%\) (d) chloric acid, \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}(a q), \sim 100 \%\)
Problem 6
Classify each of the following Arrhenius bases as strong or weak given the degree of ionization: (a) lithium hydroxide, \(\mathrm{LiOH}(a q), \sim 100 \%\) (b) calcium hydroxide, \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q), \sim 100 \%\) (c) barium hydroxide, \(\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q), \sim 100 \%\) (d) ammonium hydroxide, \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}(a q), \sim 1 \%\)
Problem 7
Classify each of the following as an Arrhenius acid, an Arrhenius base, or a salt: (a) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)\) (b) \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{KOH}(a q)\) (d) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)\)
Problem 8
Classify each of the following as an Arrhenius acid, an Arrhenius base, or a salt: (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)\) (b) \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q)\) (d) \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}(a q)\)
Problem 9
Identify the Arrhenius acid and Arrhenius base in each of the following neutralization reactions: (a) \(\mathrm{HI}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \operatorname{NaI}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{LiOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{LiC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\)
Problem 11
Determine the acid and base that were neutralized to produce each of the following salts: (a) sodium fluoride, \(\operatorname{NaF}(a q)\) (b) magnesium iodide, \(\operatorname{MgI}_{2}(a q)\) (c) calcium nitrate, \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)\) (d) lithium carbonate, \(\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)\)
