Chapter 10

Consider the processes $$\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(g)\to {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(l)\\ {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(l)\to {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(g)\end{array}$$ a. Which process is favored by energy spread? Explain. b. Which process is favored by matter spread? Explain. c. How does temperature affect which process is favored? Explain.

What if energy was not conserved? How would this affect our lives?

The internal energy of a system is said to be the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in the system. Section 10.1 discusses potential energy and kinetic energy in terms of a ball on a hill. Explain potential energy and kinetic energy for a chemical reaction.

How is Hess's law a restatement of the first law of thermodynamics?

Does the entropy of the system increase or decrease for each of the following? Explain. a. the evaporation of alcohol b. the freezing of water c. dissolving $\mathrm{NaCl}$ in water