Question

A series of oxyanions of iodine, comparable to the series for chlorine discussed in the text, also exists. Write the formulas and names for the oxyanions of iodine.

Short answer

The oxyanions of iodine and their formulas are: 1. Hypoiodite: \(IO^-\) 2. Iodite: \(IO_2^-\) 3. Iodate: \(IO_3^-\) 4. Periodate: \(IO_4^-\)

Step-by-step solution

Identify Series of Oxyanions of Iodine

The naming of the oxyanions of iodine will be similar to the naming of the oxyanions of chlorine. To do this, we'll look for the following relationships: - "hypo" prefix for the oxyanion with the least amount of oxygen - "ite" suffix for oxyanions with less oxygen than the most common form - "ate" suffix for oxyanions with more oxygen than the least common form, but not the most - "per" prefix for the oxyanion with the most amount of oxygen There are 4 main oxyanions of iodine, which correspond to the different oxygen amounts.

Formulas and Names for Oxyanions of Iodine

We can now use the following prefixes and suffixes to create the names and formulas of each oxyanion: 1. Hypoiodite: The oxyanion with the least number of oxygens for iodine is hypoiodite. Using the rules for naming oxyanions, the formula for hypoiodite can be written as \(IO^-\). 2. Iodite: The oxyanion with one more oxygen than hypoiodite is iodite. Adding one more oxygen to the hypoiodite (\(IO^-\)) gives the formula for iodite, which is \(IO_2^-\). 3. Iodate: The next oxyanion with one more oxygen than iodite is iodate. To get the formula for iodate, add one more oxygen to iodite (\(IO_2^-\)), which gives \(IO_3^-\). 4. Periodate: The oxyanion with the most oxygen for iodine is periodate. Since "per" is the prefix, we need to add one more oxygen to iodate (\(IO_3^-\)) to get the formula for periodate, which is \(IO_4^-\). In summary, the formulas and names for the oxyanions of iodine are: 1. Hypoiodite: \(IO^-\) 2. Iodite: \(IO_2^-\) 3. Iodate: \(IO_3^-\) 4. Periodate: \(IO_4^-\)

Key concepts

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature is the system used to name chemical compounds. It allows scientists and students to communicate accurately and avoid confusion. This system is like a universal language for chemistry.
There are many naming rules based on the type of compound, such as organic or inorganic. One specific area is the naming of oxyanions, which are polyatomic ions containing oxygen.

• Prefixes are used to denote the number of oxygen atoms.
• Suffixes are applied to indicate the related state of the oxyanion.

For example, in iodine oxyanions, the prefix "hypo" and suffix "-ite" are used for the ion with the least oxygen. "Per" as a prefix combined with "-ate" is used for the one with the most oxygen.
Using these rules makes it straightforward to name and understand different oxyanions. By learning the systematic nature of chemical nomenclature, mastering the formulas and names of complex compounds becomes much more accessible.

Oxyanion Series

The oxyanion series is a collection of related anions varying only by the number of oxygen atoms present. For any given series, the central atom stays the same, like iodine in the iodine oxyanions.
This series progresses in a predictable order, making it easy to understand and memorize. Each oxyanion holds a specific prefix and suffix depending on its oxygen content.

• Hypoiodite ( \(IO^-\)) has the least oxygen.
• Iodite ( \(IO_2^-\)) has one more than the previous.
• Iodate ( \(IO_3^-\)) follows with even more oxygen.
• Periodate ( \(IO_4^-\)) contains the most.

This systematic progression helps in deciphering not only the iodine oxyanions but also oxyanions of other elements like chlorine or bromine. Recognizing the oxyanion series helps students predict the structure of unknown compounds and understand the underlying principles of inorganic chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry focused on compounds not primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. This field covers a vast range of substances including salts, metals, minerals, and notably, the oxyanions. These are key to understanding various chemical reactions and properties.
Oxyanions are crucial components in inorganic chemistries like the iodine series. They illustrate important concepts such as the behavior of electrons in polyatomic ions and the role of oxygen.

• They are key players in redox reactions.
• Common in natural and industrial processes.

Studying inorganic chemistry and the behavior of oxyanions like those in the iodine series advances our comprehension of the material world. This, in turn, enables the effective development of technologies and processes, from manufacturing to environmental management.