Question

Choose one of the following terms to match the definition or description given. a. alloy b. specific heat c. crystalline solid d. dipole-dipole attraction e. equilibrium vapor pressure f. intermolecular g. intramolecular h. ionic solids i. London dispersion forces j. molar heat of fusion k. molar heat of vaporization 1\. molecular solids m. normal boiling point n. semiconductor repeating arrangement of component species in a solid

Short answer

The correct term to match the definition "repeating arrangement of component species in a solid" is c. crystalline solid, as it refers to a type of solid where the components are arranged in a regular and repeating pattern.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the definition/description

To choose the correct term, first examine the provided definition/description: "repeating arrangement of component species in a solid." This refers to a type of solid where the components are arranged in a regular and repeating pattern.

Review the terms

Go through each term in the list and see if they correspond to the given definition or description. a. alloy - A mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element b. specific heat - The heat capacity of a substance per unit mass c. crystalline solid - A solid where its components are arranged in a well-defined, repeating pattern d. dipole-dipole attraction - Attractive force between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another e. equilibrium vapor pressure - The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases f. intermolecular - Between molecules g. intramolecular - Within molecules h. ionic solids - Solids that consist of ions held together by electrostatic forces i. London dispersion forces - Temporary attractive force that results from the interaction of two instantaneous dipoles j. molar heat of fusion - The amount of heat needed to convert one mole of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase k. molar heat of vaporization - The amount of heat needed to convert one mole of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase 1. molecular solids - A solid consisting of molecules m. normal boiling point - The temperature at which a liquid boils at one atmosphere of pressure n. semiconductor - A material with intermediate electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator

Identify the term that matches the definition/description

"Repeating arrangement of component species in a solid" refers to the description of a crystalline solid, which is characterized by a well-defined, repeating pattern of components. The correct choice is: c. crystalline solid

Key concepts

Types of Solids

Solids can be classified into different types based on how their particles are arranged. One major type is the **crystalline solid**. These have a highly ordered structure. If you look closely, their particles follow a specific and repeating pattern. This regular arrangement gives crystalline solids their unique properties.
Another type is the **amorphous solid**. These don't have a specific pattern. Their particles are kind of jumbled, much like a disorganized pile of clothes.
There are different categories of crystalline solids too:

• **Ionic Solids**: Made up of charged ions. The positive and negative ions stack in a specific pattern creating a solid form. Table salt (NaCl) is a good example.
• **Molecular Solids**: Composed of molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Examples include sugar and ice.
• **Metallic Solids**: Consist of metal cations surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, which allow metals to conduct electricity.
• **Covalent Network Solids**: Atoms are bonded in a continuous network. Diamond and quartz are examples of this type.

These representations help in understanding not just the structure, but also the physical properties of different types of solids.

Molecular Patterns in Solids

The molecules or ions within solids arrange themselves in various ways, giving the solid its properties. In a **crystalline solid**, as mentioned earlier, its structure is very ordered.
These are some common molecular patterns:

• **Simple Cubic**: Atoms or molecules are arranged at each corner of a cube.
• **Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)**: Similar to simple cubic, but with an additional atom in the center of the cube.
• **Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)**: Atoms are on each face of the cube and at each corner. This pattern is denser than the simple cubic.
• **Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)**: Atoms form a hexagonal pattern, providing a tightly packed structure.

These arrangements affect characteristics such as melting point, density, and hardness. For instance, diamond's exceptional hardness comes from its covalent network structure where each carbon atom forms a strong bond with four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral pattern.

Chemistry Terminology

Understanding chemistry terminology is crucial for studying solids. Many terms describe how particles interact and how these interactions determine solid properties.
Key terms include:

• **Intermolecular Forces**: Forces between molecules. For example, the dipole-dipole attraction is one such force where polar molecules attract each other.
• **Intramolecular Forces**: Forces within a molecule, holding atoms together. Covalent and ionic bonds are primary examples.
• **Specific Heat**: Amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by 1°C. This is an important property that varies between different solids.
• **Molar Heat of Fusion**: Heat required to melt one mole of a solid substance.
• **Molar Heat of Vaporization**: Heat required to convert one mole of a liquid to a gas.

These terms help describe the roles that energy and bonding play in the structure and behavior of solids, and understanding them is key to mastering chemistry concepts.