Question

Complete and balance each of the following molecular equations for strong acid/strong base reactions. Underline the formula of the salt produced in each reaction. a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{KOH}(a q) \rightarrow\) b. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q) \rightarrow\) c. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow\) d. \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(a q) \rightarrow\)

Short answer

a. \( HNO_{3}(aq) + KOH(aq) \rightarrow \underline{KNO_{3}(aq)} + H_{2}O(l) \) b. \( H_{2}SO_{4}(aq) + Ba(OH)_{2}(aq) \rightarrow \underline{BaSO_{4}(aq)} + 2H_{2}O(l) \) c. \( HClO_{4}(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow \underline{NaClO_{4}(aq)} + H_{2}O(l) \) d. \( 2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)_{2}(aq) \rightarrow \underline{CaCl_{2}(aq)} + 2H_{2}O(l) \)

Step-by-step solution

a. HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) ->

In this reaction, the strong acid is nitric acid (HNO3) and the strong base is potassium hydroxide (KOH). The general form of an acid-base reaction is: Acid + Base -> Salt + Water In this case, the hydrogen ion (H⁺) from nitric acid reacts with the hydroxide ion (OH⁻) from potassium hydroxide to form water (H2O), and the remaining ions form the salt. \( HNO_{3}(aq) + KOH(aq) \rightarrow KNO_{3}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) \) Here, the salt produced is potassium nitrate (KNO3). This reaction is already balanced.

b. H2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) ->

In this reaction, the strong acid is sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and the strong base is barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2). Following the general form of an acid-base reaction: \( H_{2}SO_{4}(aq) + Ba(OH)_{2}(aq) \rightarrow BaSO_{4}(aq) + 2H_{2}O(l) \) Here, the salt produced is barium sulfate (BaSO4). This reaction is already balanced.

c. HClO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) ->

In this reaction, the strong acid is perchloric acid (HClO4) and the strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Following the general form of an acid-base reaction: \( HClO_{4}(aq) + NaOH(aq) \rightarrow NaClO_{4}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) \) Here, the salt produced is sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). This reaction is already balanced.

d. HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ->

In this reaction, the strong acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the strong base is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Following the general form of an acid-base reaction: \( 2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)_{2}(aq) \rightarrow CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2H_{2}O(l) \) Here, the salt produced is calcium chloride (CaCl2). We had to balance this reaction by adding a coefficient of 2 in front of HCl and H2O.