Problem 83
Balance each of the following equations that describe synthesis reactions. a. \(\operatorname{FeO}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)\) b. \(\operatorname{CO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) c. \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl}(g)\) d. \(\mathrm{K}(s)+\mathrm{S}_{8}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{S}(s)\) e. \(\mathrm{Na}(s)+\mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{N}(s)\)
Problem 84
Balance each of the following equations that describe decomposition reactions. a. \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) b. \(\mathrm{NaClO}_{3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) c. \(\mathrm{HgO}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Hg}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) d. \(C_{12} H_{22} O_{11}(s) \rightarrow C(s)+H_{2} O(g)\) e. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\)
Problem 86
Sulfuric acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\), oxidizes many metallic elements. One of the effects of acid rain is that it produces sulfuric acid in the atmosphere, which then reacts with metals used in construction. Write balanced oxidation-reduction equations for the reaction of sulfuric acid with Fe, \(\mathrm{Zn}, \mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{Co},\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}\).
Problem 87
Although the metals of Group 2 of the periodic table are not nearly as reactive as those of Group \(1,\) many of the Group 2 metals will combine with common nonmetals, especially at elevated temperatures. Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions of \(\mathrm{Mg}\) \(\mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Sr},\) and \(\mathrm{Ba}\) with \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}, \mathrm{Br}_{2},\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\).
Problem 88
For each of the following metals, how many electrons will the metal atoms lose when the metal reacts with a nonmetal? a. sodium b. potassium c. magnesium d. barium e. aluminum
Problem 89
For each of the following nonmetals, how many electrons will each atom of the nonmetal gain in reacting with a metal? a. oxygen b. fluorine c. nitrogen d. chlorine e. sulfur
Problem 90
There is much overlapping of the classification schemes for reactions discussed in this chapter. Give an example of a reaction that is, at the same time,an oxidation-reduction reaction, a combustion reaction, and a synthesis reaction.
Problem 91
Classify the reactions represented by the following unbalanced equations by as many methods as possible. Balance the equations. a. \(\mathrm{I}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{9}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) b. \(\mathrm{Mg}(s)+\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{Ag}(s)\) c. \(\operatorname{SiCl}_{4}(l)+\operatorname{Mg}(s) \rightarrow \operatorname{MgCl}_{2}(s)+\operatorname{Si}(s)\) d. \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q) \rightarrow\) \(\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{AgCl}(s)\) e. \(\mathrm{Al}(s)+\mathrm{Br}_{2}(l) \rightarrow \mathrm{AlBr}_{3}(s)\)
Problem 92
Classify the reactions represented by the following unbalanced equations by as many methods as possible. Balance the equations. a. \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) b. \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{AgC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q) \rightarrow\) \(\mathrm{AgCl}(s)+\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)\) c. \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) d. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) e. \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{N}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\)
Problem 93
Corrosion of metals costs us billions of dollars annually, slowly destroying cars, bridges, and buildings. Corrosion of a metal involves the oxidation of the metal by the oxygen in the air, typically in the presence of moisture. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of each of the following metals with \(\mathrm{O}_{2}: \mathrm{Zn}\) \(\mathrm{Al}, \mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Cr},\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}\).
