Question

Choose one of the following terms to match the description given. a. aldohexose n. glycogen b. saliva o. glycoside linkage c. antibody p. hormone d. cellulose q. hydrophobic e. \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) I. inhibition f. cysteine s. ketohexoses g. denaturation t. oxytocin h. disaccharides u. pleated sheet i. disulfide v. polypeptide j. DNA w. polysaccharides k. enzymes x. primary structure 1\. fibrous y. substrate m. globular z. sucrose six-carbon aldehyde sugars

Short answer

The correct term for six-carbon aldehyde sugars is \(a. aldohexose\).

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the description

First, let's understand what "six-carbon aldehyde sugars" means. Aldehyde sugars are a type of monosaccharide with an aldehyde group. Since we need a six-carbon variation, the term we are looking for must represent this feature.

Looking for the term

Now that we have a better understanding of the description, check the provided list to find the term that represents a six-carbon aldehyde sugar. Among the given options, we found that: a. aldohexose s. ketohexoses These two options are related to sugar molecules with six carbons, and we are looking for a term related to aldehyde sugars. Aldohexose is an aldehyde sugar while ketohexose is a ketone sugar.

Identifying the correct term

Since we're looking for a term that represents six-carbon aldehyde sugars, the correct answer is: a. aldohexose Aldohexose is a type of monosaccharide with six carbons and an aldehyde group on one end.

Key concepts

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are fundamental building blocks for more complex sugars and carbohydrates. They consist of a single sugar molecule and cannot be broken down into simpler sugars. Due to their simple structure, they are often referred to as simple sugars.
Some key characteristics of monosaccharides include:

• They are typically colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids.
• The general formula is \( (CH_2O)_n \), where \( n \) is typically 3 to 7.
• They have multiple hydroxyl groups (OH) and a carbonyl group, either an aldehyde or ketone.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are well-known examples of monosaccharides. They play critical roles in metabolism where they act as energy sources and intermediates in biochemical pathways.

Aldehyde Sugars

Aldehyde sugars, also known as aldoses, are a type of monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde group. This aldehyde group distinguishes them from ketose sugars, which contain a ketone group instead. Aldehyde sugars can further be classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain.
For example, an aldohexose is an aldehyde sugar with six carbon atoms. This type of sugar has a systematic naming convention wherein the prefix 'aldo-' indicates the presence of an aldehyde group, and '-hexose' denotes the presence of six carbons. The most common aldohexose is glucose, pivotal in energy production for living organisms.
Understanding the structure of aldehyde sugars is crucial in fields like organic chemistry and biochemistry as they are involved in numerous reactions, particularly the formation of bonds between sugars which result in more complex carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically found in a ratio of 1:2:1. They are one of the main types of nutrients and are the most important source of energy for your body.
Carbohydrates can be classified into simple and complex forms:

• Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides, which are small, easily digestible forms found in fruits, milk, and sweets.
• Complex carbohydrates include polysaccharides like starch and cellulose, which consist of longer chains of sugar molecules. These are found in foods such as grains, legumes, and vegetables.

Carbohydrates not only provide energy but are also crucial for the normal functioning of various bodily processes. They play a significant role in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs. Moreover, they serve as a substrate for energy production, important for all metabolic processes.