Question

Without looking back at the text, write the structural formula and the name for a representative compound from each of the following families (functional groups). a. amine b. alcohol c. carboxylic acid d. aldehyde e. ester f. ketone g. ether

Short answer

a. Methylamine, $C{H}_{3}N{H}_2$ b. Methanol, $C{H}_{3}OH$ c. Formic Acid, $HCOOH$ d. Acetaldehyde, $C{H}_{3}CHO$ e. Methyl Acetate, $C{H}_{3}COOC{H}_3$ f. Acetone, $C{H}_{3}COC{H}_3$ g. Dimethyl Ether, $C{H}_{3}OC{H}_3$

Step-by-step solution

a. Amine

Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen atoms with a lone pair. These nitrogen atoms are usually bonded to one, two, or three carbon atoms. In general, amines can have the following structure: R-NH2, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. Here's an example: Example: Methylamine, $C{H}_{3}N{H}_2$

b. Alcohol

Alcohols are organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. Alcohols have the general structure R-OH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. Here's an example: Example: Methanol, $C{H}_{3}OH$

c. Carboxylic Acid

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) bonded to a carbon atom. The general structure of carboxylic acids is R-COOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. Here's an example: Example: Formic Acid, $HCOOH$

d. Aldehyde

Aldehydes are organic compounds with a carbonyl group (-C=O) attached to a hydrogen atom and an alkyl or aryl group. The general structure of aldehydes is R-CHO, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. Here's an example: Example: Acetaldehyde, $C{H}_{3}CHO$

e. Ester

Esters are organic compounds formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Esters have the general structure R-COO-R', where R and R' are alkyl or aryl groups. Here's an example: Example: Methyl Acetate, $C{H}_{3}COOC{H}_3$

f. Ketone

Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group (-C=O) attached to two alkyl or aryl groups. The general structure of ketones is R-CO-R', where R and R' are alkyl or aryl groups. Here's an example: Example: Acetone, $C{H}_{3}COC{H}_3$

g. Ether

Ethers are organic compounds with an oxygen atom bonded between two alkyl or aryl groups. The general structure of ethers is R-O-R', where R and R' are alkyl or aryl groups. Here's an example: Example: Dimethyl Ether, $C{H}_{3}OC{H}_3$