Question

Give the root names for the alkanes with five through ten carbon atoms.

Short answer

The root names for the alkanes with five through ten carbon atoms are: 1. Pentane (\(C_5H_{12}\)), 2. Hexane (\(C_6H_{14}\)), 3. Heptane (\(C_7H_{16}\)), 4. Octane (\(C_8H_{18}\)), 5. Nonane (\(C_9H_{20}\)), and 6. Decane (\(C_{10}H_{22}\)).

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Greek prefixes for the numbers five through ten.

To give the root names for alkanes with five through ten carbon atoms, we need to know the Greek prefixes for the numbers 5 to 10. These prefixes are as follows: - 5: penta - 6: hexa - 7: hepta - 8: octa - 9: nona - 10: deca

Attach the suffix "-ane" to each prefix.

Now that we know the Greek prefixes for the numbers five through ten, we can simply add the suffix "-ane" to each prefix to create the root names for alkanes with five to ten carbon atoms. Here are the root names for alkanes with 5 to 10 carbon atoms: - 5: pentane (\(C_5H_{12}\)) - 6: hexane (\(C_6H_{14}\)) - 7: heptane (\(C_7H_{16}\)) - 8: octane (\(C_8H_{18}\)) - 9: nonane (\(C_9H_{20}\)) - 10: decane (\(C_{10}H_{22}\))

List the root names of the alkanes with five through ten carbon atoms.

To answer the exercise, we can now list the root names of the alkanes with 5 to 10 carbon atoms along with their molecular formula as follows: 1. Pentane (\(C_5H_{12}\)) 2. Hexane (\(C_6H_{14}\)) 3. Heptane (\(C_7H_{16}\)) 4. Octane (\(C_8H_{18}\)) 5. Nonane (\(C_9H_{20}\)) 6. Decane (\(C_{10}H_{22}\))

Key concepts

Greek prefixes in chemistry

Understanding Greek prefixes in chemistry is crucial for students, as they help in denoting the number of atoms of an element in a molecule. In organic chemistry, especially when dealing with alkanes, we frequently refer to the Greek numeric system to indicate how many carbon atoms are in a chain. For instance, 'pent' refers to five, hence 'pentane' is an alkane with five carbon atoms.

Greek prefixes are consistent across different classes of chemical compounds, which aids in the systematic naming of numerous substances. Here are some commonly used Greek prefixes in chemistry:

• 1: mono-
• 2: di-
• 3: tri-
• 4: tetra-
• 5: penta-
• 6: hexa-
• 7: hepta-
• 8: octa-
• 9: nona-
• 10: deca-

By familiarizing oneself with these prefixes, chemistry students can approach the naming of chemical compounds with greater confidence and accuracy.

Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that revolves around the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. This includes a vast array of substances such as hydrocarbons (like alkanes) and their derivatives.

For beginners, understanding the classification and nomenclature of organic compounds is foundational. Alkanes, the simplest form of hydrocarbons, are composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms with single bonds. They follow a general formula of \( C_nH_{2n+2} \), where \( n \) represents the number of carbon atoms. The names of alkanes are derived from the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule, employing Greek prefixes, and ending with '-ane' to signify that they are alkanes.

Due to the structured method of naming, learning organic chemistry becomes much more navigable. With this understanding, students can expand their knowledge to encompass other types of hydrocarbons such as alkenes (with double bonds) and alkynes (with triple bonds), along with a wealth of other organic compounds.

Molecular formulas

Molecular formulas represent the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. In organic chemistry, molecular formulas are especially important to grasp because they provide a clear picture of the molecule's composition. For example, the molecular formula for pentane is \( C_5H_{12} \), which directly indicates that a molecule of pentane consists of five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms.

Writing the correct molecular formula requires knowing both the element symbols and the number of each type of atom in the molecule, which often ties back to Greek prefixes for quantifying the number of carbon atoms in organic compounds. A solid understanding of molecular formulas is not only fundamental for correct representation but also for understanding the behavior and reactions of the compound in question. This concept is instrumental in predicting the physical and chemical properties of substances, which is vital when exploring reactions and synthesis in organic chemistry.