Question

Explain the difference between somatic damage from radiation and genetic damage. Which type causes immediate damage to the exposed individual?

Short answer

Somatic damage affects an individual's body cells, causing immediate damage when exposed to radiation, such as burns, radiation sickness, or an increased risk of cancer. Genetic damage affects reproductive cells, leading to potential DNA mutations passed onto future generations, but its effects may not be immediately apparent to the exposed individual.

Step-by-step solution

Define Somatic Damage

Somatic damage is the damage caused to the individual organism's body cells by exposure to radiation. These cells are not involved in reproduction, but are important for the overall health and functioning of the individual.

Define Genetic Damage

Genetic damage is the damage caused to the individual organism's reproductive cells (egg and sperm cells) by exposure to radiation. This type of damage can result in mutations in the DNA that may be passed on to future generations.

Discuss the Differences between Somatic and Genetic Damage

Somatic damage and genetic damage differ in the cells that are affected and the potential consequences of this damage. While somatic damage affects the individual's body cells and directly influences their health, genetic damage impacts the reproductive cells, potentially leading to mutations in the offspring. The consequences of genetic damage may not become apparent until future generations are born and inherit mutated genes from their parents.

Determine the Type of Damage that Causes Immediate Damage to the Exposed Individual

Somatic damage causes immediate damage to the exposed individual. The harmful effects of radiation on the individual's body cells can lead to various health problems, such as burns, radiation sickness, or an increased risk of cancer. On the other hand, genetic damage may not have any immediate effects on the individual's health, as its consequences mainly impact future generations.