Problem 81
A ___________ counter contains argon gas, which is ionized by radiation, making possible the measurement of radioactive decay rates.
Problem 82
The time required for half of an original sample of a radioactive nuclide to decay is referred to as the _________ of the nuclide.
Problem 83
The radioactive nuclide that has been used in determining the age of historical wooden artifacts is ____________ .
Problem 84
_________ are radioactive substances that physicians introduce into the body to enable them to study the absorption and metabolism of the substance or to analyze the functioning of an organ or gland that can make use of the substance.
Problem 85
Combining two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus is referred to as the process of nuclear __________ .
Problem 86
A self-sustaining nuclear process, in which the bombarding particles needed to produce the fission of further material are themselves produced as the product of the initial fission, is called a __________ reaction.
Problem 88
A nuclear reactor that generates additional fissionable fuel (in addition to producing heat for generating electricity) is referred to as a __________ reactor.
Problem 90
The U.S. Department of Energy sells an isotope of the transuranium element californium for approximately \(\$ 10\) per microgram to qualified researchers. What would a pound of the Cf nuclide cost?
Problem 91
Each of the following isotopes has been used medically for the purpose indicated. Suggest reasons why the particular element might have been chosen for this purpose. a. cobalt-57, for study of the body's use of vita\(\min B_{12}\) b. calcium-47, for study of bone metabolism c. iron-59, for study of red blood cell function d. mercury-197, for brain scans before CAT scan became available
Problem 92
The fission of \(_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}\) releases \(2.1 \times 10^{13}\) joules per mole of \(_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U} .\) Calculate the energy released per atom and per gram of \(\frac{235}{92} \mathrm{U}\)
