Question

Choose one of the following terms to match the definition or description given. a. alloy b. specific heat c. crystalline solid d. dipole-dipole attraction e. equilibrium vapor pressure f. intermolecular g. intramolecular h. ionic solids i. London dispersion forces j. molar heat of fusion k. molar heat of vaporization I. molecular solids m. normal boiling point n. semiconductor boiling point at pressure of 1 atm

Short answer

The term that matches the description "boiling point at a pressure of 1 atm" is m. normal boiling point.

Step-by-step solution

Eliminate irrelevant terms

We need to filter out the terms that are not related to boiling points or pressure. In this case, the irrelevant terms are: a. alloy c. crystalline solid d. dipole-dipole attraction f. intermolecular g. intramolecular h. ionic solids i. London dispersion forces j. molar heat of fusion k. molar heat of vaporization l. molecular solids n. semiconductor

Review the remaining terms

We are left with the following relevant terms: b. specific heat e. equilibrium vapor pressure m. normal boiling point

Match the appropriate term

From the remaining terms, we need to find the one that matches the definition "boiling point at a pressure of 1 atm". - b. Specific heat: This term refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance, but it does not directly relate to boiling points or pressure. - e. Equilibrium vapor pressure: This term refers to the pressure at which a liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium; however, it does not specify the pressure of 1 atm. - m. Normal boiling point: This term is defined as the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 1 atm. Thus, this term matches the description given.

Solution

The term that matches the description "boiling point at a pressure of 1 atm" is: m. normal boiling point

Key concepts

Normal Boiling Point

The normal boiling point is a significant thermal property of a liquid. It indicates the temperature at which a liquid turns to vapor when the pressure exerted by the external environment is 1 atmosphere (atm). This point is unique for each substance and helps identify it.

• This concept is essential for understanding phase changes and the thermal properties of liquids.
• Knowing a liquid's normal boiling point can be crucial in industrial applications, such as distillation processes and when cooking.

In most cases, increasing the external pressure will increase a liquid's boiling point, and reducing it will lower the boiling point. However, at exactly 1 atm, the normal boiling point provides a standard reference point for comparison between different substances.

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

Equilibrium vapor pressure is another critical concept in understanding how liquids and gases interact. It represents the pressure applied by a vapor over its liquid form when both are in a state of equilibrium. This means the rate at which the liquid evaporates is equal to the rate at which vapor condenses back into liquid.

The equilibrium vapor pressure varies with temperature:

• Higher temperatures increase vapor pressure due to intensified molecular movement, leading to higher rates of evaporation.
• At lower temperatures, there's less vapor over the liquid as evaporation occurs at a slower pace.

Therefore, understanding equilibrium vapor pressure is essential for processes affecting humidity, weather patterns, and even cooking, where maintaining a particular moisture level matters.

Specific Heat

Specific heat is a property of substances that describes how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. This value varies significantly between different materials and is essential to know for thermal management and energy calculations.

• Substances with a high specific heat can absorb more heat without a significant temperature change. Water is a common example.
• Materials with low specific heat heat up quickly because they require less energy to raise their temperature.

This understanding is crucial in various fields: from meteorology, where it influences climate and weather, to cooking, where it guides efficient heat use, and in engineering for understanding cooling and insulation requirements.