Question

What is a network solid? Give an example of a network solid and describe the bonding in such a solid. How does a network solid differ from a molecular solid?

Short answer

A network solid is a crystalline solid where atoms are covalently bonded together in a continuous three-dimensional network structure, such as diamond. In diamond, carbon atoms are bonded in a strong tetrahedral network, leading to high hardness and melting points. Molecular solids, on the other hand, consist of individual molecules held together by weaker intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding or Van der Waals forces, resulting in lower melting and boiling points and increased susceptibility to deformation.

Step-by-step solution

Define a Network Solid

A network solid is a type of crystalline solid in which atoms are covalently bonded together in an extended three-dimensional network structure.

Provide an Example and Describe the Bonding

An example of a network solid is diamond, a form of carbon. In diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming a tetrahedron. This covalent bonding extends throughout the entire crystal, creating a strong interconnected network. The covalent bonds in a network solid are much stronger than the intermolecular forces found in molecular solids, resulting in network solids being harder and having higher melting points.

Define a Molecular Solid

A molecular solid is a type of crystalline solid that consists of molecules held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and Van der Waals forces.

Compare and Contrast Network Solids and Molecular Solids

The key difference between network solids and molecular solids lies in the nature of the bonding between their constituent particles. In network solids, atoms are covalently bonded to one another, forming a continuous, strong, interconnected network. In contrast, molecular solids consist of individual molecules held together by weaker intermolecular forces. As a result, network solids generally have higher melting and boiling points, and are harder and less susceptible to deformation compared to molecular solids.