Question

Write the complete orbital diagram for each of the following elements, using boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons. a. aluminum, \(Z=13\) b. phosphorus, \(Z=15\) c. bromine, \(Z=35\) d. argon, \(Z=18\)

Short answer

Short-answer: Aluminum (\(Z=13\)): 1s: ↿⇂, 2s: ↿⇂, 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂, 3s: ↿⇂, 3p: ↿ Phosphorus (\(Z=15\)): 1s: ↿⇂, 2s: ↿⇂, 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂, 3s: ↿⇂, 3p: ↿-↿-↿ Bromine (\(Z=35\)): 1s: ↿⇂, 2s: ↿⇂, 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂, 3s: ↿⇂, 3p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂, 4s: ↿⇂, 3d: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂, 4p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿-↿-↿ Argon (\(Z=18\)): 1s: ↿⇂, 2s: ↿⇂, 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂, 3s: ↿⇂, 3p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂

Step-by-step solution

Aluminum orbital diagram

The simplified orbital diagram representing aluminum electrons' distribution is as follows: 1s: ↿⇂ 2s: ↿⇂ 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂ 3s: ↿⇂ 3p: ↿ b. Phosphorus, \(Z=15\) #Step 1: Identify electron configuration# For phosphorus, with atomic number 15, the electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3\). #Step 2: Draw orbital diagrams#

Phosphorus orbital diagram

The simplified orbital diagram representing phosphorus electrons' distribution is as follows: 1s: ↿⇂ 2s: ↿⇂ 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂ 3s: ↿⇂ 3p: ↿-↿-↿ c. Bromine, \(Z=35\) #Step 1: Identify electron configuration# For bromine, with atomic number 35, the electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^5\). #Step 2: Draw orbital diagrams#

Bromine orbital diagram

The simplified orbital diagram representing bromine electrons' distribution is as follows: 1s: ↿⇂ 2s: ↿⇂ 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂ 3s: ↿⇂ 3p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂ 4s: ↿⇂ 3d: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂ 4p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿-↿-↿ d. Argon, \(Z=18\) #Step 1: Identify electron configuration# For argon, with atomic number 18, the electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6\). #Step 2: Draw orbital diagrams#

Argon orbital diagram

The simplified orbital diagram representing argon electrons' distribution is as follows: 1s: ↿⇂ 2s: ↿⇂ 2p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂ 3s: ↿⇂ 3p: ↿⇂-↿⇂-↿⇂