Problem 127
Suppose you wanted to prepare a buffer solution with formic acid, \(\mathrm{HCO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\), a weak acid with \(K_{\mathrm{a}}=1.8 \times 10^{-4}\). What substances might you mix together to prepare the buffer?
Problem 128
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a diprotic acid with the formula \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{6}\). The equilibrium constants for the two ionization processes associated with ascorbic acid are $$ \begin{gathered} K_{\mathrm{aI}}=9.1 \times 10^{-4} \\ K_{\mathrm{a} 2}=2.0 \times 10^{-12} \end{gathered} $$ Write the equilibrium equations that correspond to the ionization processes for ascorbic acid. Rank the species present in a solution of ascorbic acid from lowest to highest concentration.
