Problem 16
Draw a generic energy diagram that shows the energies of reactants, products, and the activated complex. Label the activation energy.
Problem 17
How does the magnitude of the activation energy affect reaction rate?
Problem 18
If two similar reactions under the same conditions have different activation energies, which reaction should occur faster: the reaction with the higher activation energy or the reaction with the lower activation energy? Explain.
Problem 19
The following reaction is exothermic: $$ 2 \mathrm{O}_{3}(g) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) $$ Draw an energy diagram that shows the relative energies of the reactants, products, and the activated complex. Label the diagram with molecular representations of reactants, products, and a possible structure for the activated complex.
Problem 20
The following reaction is endothermic: $$ \mathrm{CF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CF}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}(g) $$ Draw an energy diagram that shows the relative energies of the reactants, products, and the activated complex. Label the diagram with molecular representations of reactants, products, and a possible structure for the activated complex.
Problem 21
Use collision theory to explain why reaction rates generally increase when the temperature increases.
Problem 22
Use collision theory to explain why reaction rates generally increase when the concentration of one or more of the reactants increases.
Problem 23
Consider the following factors: increase in temperature, increase in concentration, and addition of a catalyst. Which increases the average kinetic energy of the reactants?
Problem 24
Consider the following factors: increase in temperature, increase in concentration, and addition of a catalyst. Which increases the fraction of collisions that are effective?
Problem 25
The propane used in a gas grill does not usually react with air in a combustion reaction unless first initiated with a spark. Explain using collision theory.
