Question

Suggest products for the reactions between (a) \(\mathrm{SbCl}_{5}\) and \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5} ;(\mathrm{b}) \mathrm{KF}\) and \(\mathrm{AsF}_{5} ;(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{NOF}\) and \(\mathrm{SbF}_{5} ;(\mathrm{d}) \mathrm{HF}\) and \(\mathrm{SbF}_{5}\)

Short answer

(a) SbCl_6^- and PCl_4^+; (b) K^+ and AsF_6^-; (c) NO^+ and SbF_6^-; (d) H^+ and SbF_6^-.

Step-by-step solution

Identify Possible Reaction Type for Reaction (a)

The combination of two chlorides, SbCl_5 and PCl_5, may undergo a displacement reaction. Antimony(III) chloride (SbCl_3) could potentially be involved in accepting a chloride ion from phosphorus, resulting in new products.

Predict Products for Reaction (a)

Upon mixing SbCl_5 and PCl_5, the chlorides can be exchanged, leading to the formation of ext{Product:} SbCl_6^- (hexachloroantimonate(III)) and PCl_4^+ . The overall reaction can be represented as: SbCl_5 + PCl_5 ightarrow SbCl_6^- + PCl_4^+

Identify Possible Reaction Type for Reaction (b)

With KF and AsF_5, a typical outcome is the formation of a complex anion due to fluoride ion transfer from potassium fluoride to arsenic pentafluoride.

Predict Products for Reaction (b)

The fluoride ion from KF reacts with AsF_5 to form K^+ and AsF_6^- (hexafluoroarsenate(V)). The reaction proceeding as: KF + AsF_5 ightarrow K^+ + AsF_6^-

Identify Possible Reaction Type for Reaction (c)

Combining NOF with SbF_5 generally results in the coordination of fluoride ions to the central antimony atom, forming a complex anion.

Predict Products for Reaction (c)

In this interaction, the SbF_5 will abstract a fluoride ion from NOF producing NO^+ and SbF_6^-. The equation is: NOF + SbF_5 ightarrow NO^+ + SbF_6^-

Identify Possible Reaction Type for Reaction (d)

Reaction between HF and SbF_5 results in the formation of a stable acidic complex, where fluoride ions from HF coordinate with SbF_5.

Predict Products for Reaction (d)

The combination of HF with SbF_5 leads to the formation of the superacid HSbF_6. The equation for the reaction: HF + SbF_5 ightarrow H^+ + SbF_6^-

Key concepts

Displacement Reactions

Displacement reactions are an important part of inorganic chemistry. This type of reaction involves the exchange of ions between two compounds, resulting in the formation of two new products.
For example, when antimony pentachloride \( \mathrm{SbCl}_{5} \)and phosphorus pentachloride \( \mathrm{PCl}_{5} \)are mixed, they undergo a displacement reaction. Here, a chloride ion from phosphorus is accepted by antimony, leading to the formation of a hexachloroantimonate(III) ion \( \mathrm{SbCl}_{6}^{-} \)and a tetrachlorophosphonium ion \( \mathrm{PCl}_{4}^{+} \).Some key points about displacement reactions can include:

• Swapping ions to create new products.
• Requires the presence of ions or elements that can readily displace one another.

These reactions are crucial in synthesizing complex compounds and understanding molecular interactions.

Complex Anions

Complex anions are formed when multiple anions bond with a central atom, creating a single charged entity. In chemical reactions, these anions arise through interactions between different compounds.
A prime example is the reaction between potassium fluoride \( \mathrm{KF} \)and arsenic pentafluoride \( \mathrm{AsF}_{5} \).Here, the fluoride ion \( \mathrm{F}^{-} \)from potassium fluorescence is transferred to arsenic pentafluoride, resulting in the creation of hexafluoroarsenate(V) anion \( \mathrm{AsF}_{6}^{-} \),accompanied by a potassium ion \( \mathrm{K}^{+} \).Key facts about complex anions:

• They are polyatomic ions with a net negative charge.
• Often involve transition metals or metalloids as the central atom.
• Stabilized by strong covalent bonds between central atoms and ligands.

Understanding complex anions helps in deciphering many reactions involving transition elements and their derivatives.

Fluoride Ion Transfer

Fluoride ion transfer is a process central to many inorganic reactions, allowing for the exchange of fluoride ions between reactants. This transfer can significantly alter the products formed.
Take for instance the reaction between nitrosyl fluoride \( \mathrm{NOF} \)and antimony pentafluoride \( \mathrm{SbF}_{5} \).In this scenario, antimony pentafluoride abstracts a fluoride ion from nitrosyl fluoride, resulting in the formation of an oxonium ion \( \mathrm{NO}^{+} \)and a stable hexafluoroantimonate anion \( \mathrm{SbF}_{6}^{-} \).Significant aspects of fluoride ion transfer are:

• Often involves highly electronegative elements like fluorine.
• Can result in the stabilization of ions in the reaction products.
• Plays a crucial role in the formation of strong Lewis acids.

Recognizing fluoride ion transfers can reveal why certain compounds form and their potential applications in industry and research.

Superacid Formation

Superacids are solutions that are stronger than pure sulfuric acid, often formed through the interaction of strong Lewis acids and Bronsted acids.
A classic example is the formation of a superacid by combining hydrofluoric acid \( \mathrm{HF} \)with antimony pentafluoride \( \mathrm{SbF}_{5} \).Here, the fluoride ions from hydrofluoric acid coordinate with the antimony pentafluoride, creating a highly acidic compound known as hexafluoroantimonic acid \( \mathrm{HSbF}_{6} \).Noteworthy points about superacid formation include:

• Involves strong Lewis acids accepting fluoride ions.
• Results in higher proton donation capability than conventional acids.
• Widely used in the petrochemical industry and for protonation reactions that other acids cannot achieve.

Understanding superacid formation provides insight into advanced catalysis processes and novel chemical transformations.