Question

This section contains multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which ONLY ONE is correct. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}+\mathrm{HCl}+\mathrm{O}_{2}\) (air) \(\frac{\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}}{500 \mathrm{~K}}{ }^{\mathrm{T}} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}\). The process is called (a) Oxo process (b) Dow's process (c) Raschig process (d) Baeyer's process

Short answer

Answer: Baeyer's process.

Step-by-step solution

Oxo process

The Oxo process, also known as hydroformylation, involves the addition of a hydrogen atom and a formyl group to an alkene to form an aldehyde. However, the given reaction does not involve introducing an alkene or forming an aldehyde. Thus, the Oxo process does not match the given reaction.

Dow's process

Dow's process is a method to produce phenol and acetone from cumene by means of cumene hydroperoxide. It does not include the reactants and the product in the given reaction. So, the Dow's process is not the correct answer.

Raschig process

Raschig process is a method for synthesizing hydrazine (\(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\)) by oxidizing ammonia using hypochlorites in alkaline solution. This process does not involve any of the reactants and product mentioned in our original exercise. Therefore, the Raschig process is not the correct answer.

Baeyer's process

Baeyer's process involves the synthesis of phenol from benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons. In this process, benzene is reacted with HCl and O2 in the presence of a copper catalyst to produce chlorobenzene (\(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}\)). This process matches the given reaction in the exercise. Thus, the correct answer is (d) Baeyer's process.

Key concepts

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on compounds containing carbon. As a fundamental concept in IIT JEE syllabus and higher education in science, organic chemistry resonates with the synthesis, structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and materials.

Known for its complexity due to the immense possibilities of carbon bonding patterns, organic chemistry plays a vital role in our daily life, influencing the creation of products such as medicines, plastics, and dyes. Structured in a series of functional groups and reaction mechanisms, understanding organic chemistry requires a grasp on various reaction types like substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement reactions, which form the core of chemical transformations in organic compounds.

IIT JEE Organic Chemistry

The IIT JEE Organic Chemistry section tests the application of organic chemistry concepts in problem-solving. This prestigious entrance examination for engineering aspirants in India requires a deep understanding of chemical reactions, mechanisms, and the use of reagents.

For example, in the exercise regarding Baeyer's process, students need to identify the correct chemical reaction mechanism based on the given reactants and conditions. The importance of recognizing various industrial processes and their applications, such as the Baeyer's process, is emphasized in such exams. JEE aspirants are encouraged to familiarize themselves with names reactions, their conditions, and their products, which are frequently tested in the examination.

Chemical Reaction Mechanisms

Understanding chemical reaction mechanisms is paramount in both practical and theoretical organic chemistry. It involves studying how a reaction progresses from reactants to products at the molecular level, detailing each step and providing insights into rate laws and reaction kinetics.

In the context of Baeyer's process, the mechanism involves an electrophilic substitution reaction where benzene reacts with HCl in the presence of oxygen and a copper catalyst to yield chlorobenzene. Recognizing such details helps students demystify complex reactions and grasps the concept of catalysts' roles in driving the reaction forward. Reaction mechanisms also shed light on the stability of intermediates, transition states, and the structural rearrangement of molecules during the reaction. This knowledge is critical for predictions in synthetic routes and understanding the behavior of organic compounds under various conditions.