Question

Write the chemical equation that relates to each of the following word equations. Include symbols for physical states in the equation. a. solid zinc sulfide \(+\) oxygen gas \(\longrightarrow\) solid zinc oxide \(+\) sulfur dioxide gas b. aqueous hydrochloric acid + aqueous barium hydroxide \(\longrightarrow\) aqueous barium chloride \(+\text { water }\) c. aqueous nitric acid + aqueous calcium hydroxide \(\longrightarrow\) aqueous calcium nitrate \(+\text { water }\)

Short answer

a. 2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g) -> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO2 (g), b. 2HCl (aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq) -> BaCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l), c. 2HNO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) -> Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

Step-by-step solution

Identify Reactants and Products for Reaction (a)

The reactants for this reaction are solid zinc sulfide and oxygen gas. The products are solid zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide gas.

Write Chemical Formulas for Reactants and Products for Reaction (a)

Zinc sulfide is ZnS (s), oxygen gas is O2 (g), zinc oxide is ZnO (s), and sulfur dioxide gas is SO2 (g).

Write the Balanced Chemical Equation for Reaction (a)

The unbalanced equation is: ZnS (s) + O2 (g) -> ZnO (s) + SO2 (g). To balance this, the coefficients need to be balanced: 2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g) -> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO2 (g).

Identify Reactants and Products for Reaction (b)

The reactants for this reaction are aqueous hydrochloric acid and aqueous barium hydroxide. The products are aqueous barium chloride and water.

Write Chemical Formulas for Reactants and Products for Reaction (b)

Hydrochloric acid is HCl (aq), barium hydroxide is Ba(OH)2 (aq), barium chloride is BaCl2 (aq), and water is H2O (l).

Write the Balanced Chemical Equation for Reaction (b)

The equation is: HCl (aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq) -> BaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l). To balance this, the coefficients need to be adjusted: 2HCl (aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq) -> BaCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l).

Identify Reactants and Products for Reaction (c)

The reactants for this reaction are aqueous nitric acid and aqueous calcium hydroxide. The products are aqueous calcium nitrate and water.

Write Chemical Formulas for Reactants and Products for Reaction (c)

Nitric acid is HNO3 (aq), calcium hydroxide is Ca(OH)2 (aq), calcium nitrate is Ca(NO3)2 (aq), and water is H2O (l).

Write the Balanced Chemical Equation for Reaction (c)

The equation is: HNO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) -> Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O (l). To balance this, the coefficients need to be adjusted: 2HNO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) -> Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l).

Key concepts

chemical reactions

Chemical reactions are processes where substances, called reactants, undergo a transformation to form new substances, known as products. Each chemical reaction can generally be described by a chemical equation. This equation uses chemical formulas to denote the reactants and products and shows how they change during the reaction.

Chemical reactions are fundamental to understanding chemistry because they explain how substances interact and change. They can be categorized into different types, such as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement reactions. When writing chemical equations, it's important to ensure they are balanced, meaning the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This reflects the law of conservation of mass.

By studying chemical reactions, we learn how different elements and compounds interact, which can lead to practical applications in fields like medicine, engineering, and environmental science.

reactants and products

In any chemical reaction, we start with reactants and end up with products. Reactants are the starting materials, the substances that react together. Products are the new substances formed as a result of the reaction.

For example, in the reaction between solid zinc sulfide and oxygen gas to form zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide gas, zinc sulfide (ZnS) and oxygen (O2) are reactants, while zinc oxide (ZnO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are products.

Understanding the distinction between reactants and products is crucial because it helps us analyze how matter is conserved and transformed during chemical reactions. This also assists in predicting the outcomes of reactions and designing chemical processes efficiently. The relationship between reactants and products is always represented in a balanced chemical equation to comply with the law of conservation of mass.

chemical formulas

Chemical formulas provide a way to represent the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms of these elements. These are fundamental in writing chemical equations and understanding chemical reactions.

A chemical formula comprises element symbols from the periodic table and numerical subscripts that indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule. For example, water has the chemical formula (H2O), indicating two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

When writing chemical equations, accurately using chemical formulas is vital, as they represent the precise identity and proportions of the substances involved. This clarity helps ensure the equation is balanced, reflecting the conservation of mass and charge.

In our exercise, some relevant chemical formulas include:

• Zinc sulfide: ZnS (s)
• Oxygen gas: O2 (g)
• Zinc oxide: ZnO (s)
• Sulfur dioxide: SO2 (g)
• Hydrochloric acid: HCl (aq)
• Barium hydroxide: Ba(OH)2 (aq)

Correctly interpreting and writing chemical formulas aids in understanding and predicting the behavior of chemical substances in various reactions.