Question

Name each of the following monatomic ions: a. \({K}^{+}\) d. \({Cl}^{-}\) b. Mg \(^{2+}\) e. \({O}^{2-}\) c. \({Al}^{3+}\) f. \({Ca}^{2+}\)

Short answer

a. Potassium ion, b. Magnesium ion, c. Aluminum ion, d. Chloride ion, e. Oxide ion, f. Calcium ion

Step-by-step solution

- Identify the Elements

Look at the periodic table to identify the elements for each given ion. For \({K}^{+}\), \({Cl}^{-}\), Mg \(^{2+}\), \({O}^{2-}\), \({Al}^{3+}\), and \({Ca}^{2+}\), the elements are Potassium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Oxygen, Aluminum, and Calcium respectively.

- Determine Ion Names

For monatomic ions, the naming conventions are as follows: - Cations (positive ions) use the element name. - Anions (negative ions) use the element root name with the suffix '-ide'.

- Naming the Cations

Name the positive ions (cations):- \({K}^{+}\) is called Potassium ion.- Mg \(^{2+}\) is called Magnesium ion.- \({Al}^{3+}\) is called Aluminum ion.- \({Ca}^{2+}\) is called Calcium ion.

- Naming the Anions

Name the negative ions (anions):- \({Cl}^{-}\) is called Chloride ion.- \({O}^{2-}\) is called Oxide ion.

- Summarize the Names

Here are the names of the given monatomic ions:- \({K}^{+}\): Potassium ion- \({Cl}^{-}\): Chloride ion- Mg \(^{2+}\): Magnesium ion- \({O}^{2-}\): Oxide ion- \({Al}^{3+}\): Aluminum ion- \({Ca}^{2+}\): Calcium ion

Key concepts

ion naming conventions

When naming monatomic ions, it's essential to follow specific conventions to avoid confusion. For cations, which are positively charged ions, we use the name of the element itself.
For example, \((K^{+})\) is named Potassium ion and \((Mg^{2+})\) is named Magnesium ion.
In contrast, anions, which are negatively charged ions, require a slight alteration.
We take the root name of the element and add the suffix '-ide'.
For instance, \((Cl^{-})\) becomes Chloride ion and \((O^{2-})\) turns into Oxide ion.
By following these simple rules, we ensure clarity and consistency in chemical nomenclature.

cations

Cations are ions with a positive charge.
This positive charge occurs when an atom loses one or more electrons.
The number of lost electrons results in the specific charge of the cation.
For monatomic cations, the naming convention remains straightforward.
We use the element's name directly.
Some common examples from the exercise are Potassium ion \((K^{+})\), Magnesium ion \((Mg^{2+})\), Aluminum ion \((Al^{3+})\), and Calcium ion \((Ca^{2+})\).

anions

Anions are ions that carry a negative charge.
This negative charge is the result of gaining one or more electrons.
To name monatomic anions, we take the root name of the element and add the suffix '-ide'.
This helps differentiate them from their neutral atom forms.
Examples from the exercise include \((Cl^{-})\), which is named Chloride ion, and \((O^{2-})\), known as Oxide ion.
Recognizing this pattern makes it easier to remember and identify various anions in chemistry.

periodic table

The periodic table is a crucial tool for chemists and students alike.
It organizes all known elements in a structured way, reflecting their properties and behaviors.
To identify elements when naming monatomic ions, one must first locate the element on the periodic table.
Each element's position can tell us about its atomic structure, reactivity, and the type of ions it forms.
For instance, Potassium \((K)\) is found in group 1, and it commonly forms a \(({K}^{+})\) ion.
Chlorine \((Cl)\) is in group 17, and it typically becomes \((Cl^{-})\) when gaining an electron.
Knowing how to navigate and interpret the periodic table is fundamental in mastering chemistry concepts.