Question

Identify each of the following as an example of either basic research, applied research, or technological development: a. A new type of refrigerant that is less damaging to the environment is developed. b. A new element is synthesized in a particle accelerator. c. A computer chip is redesigned to increase the speed of the computer.

Short answer

a. Applied research b. Basic research c. Technological development

Step-by-step solution

- Understand the Types of Research

There are three main types of research: Basic research which aims to increase knowledge, applied research which aims to solve practical problems, and technological development which involves the creation of new products or processes.

- Analyze Statement a

The statement mentions developing a new type of refrigerant that is less damaging to the environment, which is solving a practical problem. Therefore, it is classified as applied research.

- Analyze Statement b

The statement involves synthesizing a new element in a particle accelerator, which aims to increase knowledge about elements. This is an example of basic research.

- Analyze Statement c

The statement mentions redesigning a computer chip to increase speed. This involves creating a new product or process, which is an example of technological development.

Key concepts

basic research

Basic research is the foundation of scientific understanding. It aims to expand our knowledge about the world around us. The main goal is not to develop new products but to discover new information. This type of research often sets the stage for future applied research and technological innovations.

For example, when scientists work to understand the properties of a newly discovered element, they are conducting basic research. This type of research provides the fundamental theories and ideas that can later be used in practical applications. It can often seem purely theoretical but is essential for the progression of science and technology.

Key aspects of basic research include:

• Focus on gaining new knowledge.
• Does not necessarily aim to solve immediate problems.
• Often conducted in a lab with controlled conditions.
• Forms the basis for further research and development.

applied research

Applied research is aimed at solving specific, practical problems using existing knowledge. Unlike basic research, it has clear practical purposes and outcomes. It often uses the theories and principles discovered in basic research to develop real-world solutions.

One common example of applied research is developing a new type of refrigerant that is less harmful to the environment, such as in statement (a) from the exercise. This research directly addresses a practical issue and seeks to create an efficient and environmentally-friendly refrigerant.

Key aspects of applied research include:

• Focuses on practical, real-world problems.
• Utilizes principles from basic research.
• Aims to develop new solutions or improve existing ones.
• Often has commercial or societal applications.

technological development

Technological development involves creating new products or improving existing ones. It often builds on the findings of both basic and applied research to bring innovations to market. This type of research and development is crucial in advancing technology and improving our quality of life.

For instance, redesigning a computer chip to increase its speed, as in statement (c) of the exercise, falls under technological development. This process involves engineering, design, and testing new prototypes, making the technology more efficient and effective.

Key aspects of technological development include:

• Involves innovation and creation of new technology.
• Aims to bring scientific discoveries to the market.
• Focuses on practical applications and usability.
• Helps drive economic growth and improve everyday life.