Question

Why is strontium-90 a particularly dangerous isotope for humans?

Short answer

Strontium-90 is particularly dangerous for humans because it is a radioactive isotope that our body mistakes for calcium. If strontium-90 is ingested or inhaled, it can be incorporated into bones and teeth, where it releases radiation over time. This prolonged exposure can lead to significant cellular damage and an increased risk of cancers, particularly bone cancer and leukemia.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Strontium-90

First, it is necessary to recognize that strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope. As it decays, it produces a beta particle and turns into yttrium-90, which is also radioactive. This process releases a significant amount of energy, which can damage living tissue and DNA.

Strontium-90 and the Human Body

The danger of strontium-90 to humans lies in its chemical similarity to calcium. As an alkaline earth metal, body systems are unable to differentiate between strontium and calcium. Thus, if strontium-90 is ingested or inhaled, it can be incorporated into bones and teeth like calcium would be, further concentrating the radioactivity inside the body.

The Long-Term Effects

Long term effects of strontium-90 in the human body are harmful due to its radioactive properties. Inside the human body, the radiation can cause cell damage and can increase the risk of cancer. Especially, bone cancer and leukemia are common as strontium-90 concentrates in the bone marrow.