Chapter 18: Problem 65
Comment on the statement: "Just talking about entropy increases its value in the universe."
Chapter 18: Problem 65
Comment on the statement: "Just talking about entropy increases its value in the universe."
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Get started for freeIn the Mond process for the purification of nickel, carbon monoxide is reacted with heated nickel to produce \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4},\) which is a gas and can therefore be separated from solid impurities: $$ \mathrm{Ni}(s)+4 \mathrm{CO}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g) $$ Given that the standard free energies of formation of \(\mathrm{CO}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g)\) are \(-137.3 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) and \(-587.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\), respectively, calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction at \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Assume that \(\Delta G_{f}^{\circ}\) is temperature independent.
Arrange the following substances ( 1 mole each) in order of increasing entropy at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:\) (a) \(\mathrm{Ne}(g)\), (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g),\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}(s)\) (d) \(\mathrm{NaCl}(s)\) (e) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\). Give the reasons for your arrangement.
A carbon monoxide (CO) crystal is found to have entropy greater than zero at absolute zero of temperature. Give two possible explanations for this observation.
Explain the difference between \(\Delta G\) and \(\Delta G^{\circ}\).
The equilibrium constant \(\left(K_{P}\right)\) for the reaction $$ \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{CO}(g) $$ is 4.40 at \(2000 \mathrm{~K}\). (a) Calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for the reaction. (b) Calculate \(\Delta G\) for the reaction when the partial pressures are \(P_{\mathrm{H}_{2}}=0.25 \mathrm{~atm}, P_{\mathrm{CO}_{2}}=0.78 \mathrm{~atm}\) \(P_{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}=0.66 \mathrm{~atm},\) and \(P_{\mathrm{CO}}=1.20 \mathrm{~atm}\)
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