Chapter 18: Problem 34
What is the role of ATP in biological reactions?
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For the autoionization of water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), $$ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) $$ \(K_{\mathrm{w}}\) is \(1.0 \times 10^{-14}\). What is \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for the process?
Explain the following nursery rhyme in terms of the second law of thermodynamics. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall; Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King's horses and all the King's men Couldn't put Humpty together again.
Define free energy. What are its units?
Describe two ways that you could measure \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) of a reaction.
For each pair of substances listed here, choose the one having the larger standard entropy value at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The same molar amount is used in the comparison. Explain the basis for your choice. (a) \(\operatorname{Li}(s)\) or \(\operatorname{Li}(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l)\) or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}(l)\) (c) \(\operatorname{Ar}(g)\) or \(\operatorname{Xe}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{CO}(g)\) or \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) (e) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) or \(\mathrm{O}_{3}(g)\) (f) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\) or \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}(g)\)
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