Problem 47
How many moles of ATP are produced by phosphorylation in the following? (a) Glycolysis of \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of glucose (b) Aerobic conversion of \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of pyruvate to \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of acetyl-CoA (c) Catabolism of \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle
Problem 49
Why is pyruvate converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions?
Problem 50
Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+} .\) Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\).
Problem 51
How many moles of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) are produced by the complete catabolism of \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of sucrose?
Problem 52
How many moles of acetyl-CoA are produced by the complete catabolism of \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of sucrose?
Problem 53
Differentiate between the effect of insulin and glucagon on blood sugar concentration.
Problem 54
Differentiate between blood sugar levels and resulting symptoms in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Problem 55
What molecules are used initially during starvation or fasting to produce glucose?
Problem 56
(Fill in the blank) As starvation continues, acetyl-CoA is converted to \(\quad\) to prevent buildup of acetyl-CoA in the cells.
Problem 57
Where is most of the glycogen in the body stored?
