Question

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) (b) (c) \(N\) -Ethyl- \(N\) -methylbenzamide (d) 2,3 -Dibromohexanamide

Short answer

(a) Butanamide; (b) No data; (c) Benzene with \( \mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})(\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{CH}_3)(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5)) \); (d) Dibromohexanamide: \( \mathrm{BrCH}_2\mathrm{CHBrCH}_2\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_2 \)."

Step-by-step solution

Analyzing Structure (a)

The given structure is \( \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{NH}_{2} \). First, count the longest carbon chain. This chain has four carbon atoms, indicating it is a 'butane' derivative. Identify the functional group. The presence of the \( \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{NH}_{2} \) group indicates it is an amide. The structure represents an amide linked to a butyl group. Thus, the systematic name is butanamide.

Analyzing Structure (b)

Unfortunately, part (b) is not provided with a structure or name, so no analysis can be conducted.

Creating Structure for N-Ethyl-N-methylbenzamide

Begin with the benzamide structure, which is a benzene ring attached to a \( \mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_{2} \) group. Replace one hydrogen in the amide group with an ethyl group (\( \mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5 \)) and one with a methyl group (\( \mathrm{CH}_3 \)). The structure should have the ethyl and methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, resulting in \( \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_5\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})(\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{CH}_3)(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5)) \).

Creating Structure for 2,3-Dibromohexanamide

Begin with hexanamide, which is a six-carbon alkane chain with an amide group \( \mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_2 \) at the end. Add bromine atoms to the second and third carbons of the chain. The structure is represented as \( \mathrm{BrCH}_2\mathrm{CHBrCH}_2\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{CH}_2\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_2 \).

Key concepts

butanamide

Let's dive into the world of organic chemistry and learn about butanamide. This compound is derived from butane, a simple hydrocarbon. The name 'butanamide' tells us a lot about the structure of this molecule. Here's how we break it down:

• Butane: The base of the name refers to the four-carbon chain. The prefix "but-" indicates that there are four carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain.
• Amide: This suffix denotes the presence of a functional group derived from ammonia, where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a carbonyl group, a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen (\(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}\)).

The process to understand the systematic naming of butanamide starts with recognizing the main chain of carbon atoms. In this case, that's butane, a four-carbon chain. Then, we identify the amide group, \(\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_2\), which is connected to the butane structure. Together, these components form butanamide. This mix of hydrocarbon and amide is fundamental in understanding organic molecules.

N-ethyl-N-methylbenzamide

N-ethyl-N-methylbenzamide is certainly a mouthful, but each part of the name gives us valuable information about the structure of the molecule. Here's how to construct this compound:

• Benzamide: The backbone of this molecule is benzamide. This consists of a benzene ring (a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds) bonded to an amide group, \(\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_2\).
• Substituents: Here, we have two N- prefix substituents: an ethyl group \(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_5\) and a methyl group \(\mathrm{CH}_3\).

To visualize the structure, imagine starting with the basic benzamide molecule. Then, replace two hydrogens in the \(\mathrm{NH}_2\) group with an ethyl group and a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. Thus, the complete structure of N-ethyl-N-methylbenzamide consists of a benzamide core with one ethyl group and one methyl group substituting the hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen.Breaking down the name piece by piece helps to reconstruct the correct molecular structure and understand its complex nature.

dibromohexanamide

Dibromohexanamide is another interesting compound to explore. The name itself again helps us understand both the structure and function of this molecule:

• Hexanamide: This indicates a six-carbon alkane chain, specifically a hexane structure, which is attached to an amide group \(\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{NH}_2\).
• Dibromo: This prefix tells us that two bromine atoms are part of the structure. The numbers (2,3) before "dibromo" specify the position of the bromine atoms on the hexane chain.

Structurally, we begin with hexanamide, featuring a six-carbon backbone with an amide group at one end. To complete the name dibromohexanamide, add bromine atoms to the second and third carbons in the hexane chain. The end result is a molecule where two bromines are bonded to the carbon chain, further expanding the functionalities and properties of the base hexanamide. This structure is vital in understanding the vast possibilities of organic molecule arrangements.