Problem 1
Explain how the scattering of \(\alpha\) particles from gold foil reveals that an atom contains a massive, positively charged nucleus whose size is much smaller than that of the atom.
Problem 4
State and explain the evidence which reveals that the outer shell of each inert gas atom is full.
Problem 5
Why does the ionization energy for each successive ionization increase for every atom? Why is the increase from \(\mathrm{IE}_{4}\) to \(\mathrm{IE}_{5}\) in Si much larger than any of the other increases for \(\mathrm{Si}\) ?
